10.4 Nationalism Threatens Old Empires

Francis Joseph

Hapsburg Emperor who created a constitution that set up a legislature, but did not satisfy Hungarians because it was dominated by Austrians; set up the Dual Monarchy- became the emperor of Austria and king of Hungary.

Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

Two separate countries ruled by Francis Joseph. Shared finances, defense, and foreign affairs. Made the Hungarians very happy (Slavs and others, not so much).

Cause of Hapsburg Decline

Industrialization and subjects with many nationalities led to a loss of national identity in favor of subgroups.

Cause of the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire

Tension with many racial/ethnic groups with own cultures and moralities led to Nationalist revolts. Other European countries saw that the Empire was weakened by this and took land from the Ottomans. War also contributed to the end of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire

A multinational Empire from Eastern Europe and the Balkans to North Africa and the Middle East. Nicknamed during it's decline as "the sick man of Europe."

Greece

Group that won independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830.

Russia

Foreign power with an eye on the declining Ottoman Empire (especially Istanbul, which they still called Constantinople).

Sardinia

Loss of this territory (Cavour's home--10.3) signaled problems for the Austro-Hungarian empire.

Industrialization

Though the Hapsburgs tried to prevent it, they could not stop this movement. Battle between old and new.

Constitution

A political reform in A-H that only served German speaking Austrians. Initially resisted, until Bismarck (Prussia) defeated them w/ Denmark attack (10.1).

Powder Keg of Europe

Nickname describing the nationalist tensions in the Balkan region.