Honors HSBio 9 Mutations and Genetic Engineering

genome

a full set of genetic information that an organism carries in its DNA.

sex chromosome

one of two chromosomes that determines an individual's sex assigned at birth. XX - female and XY male

autosome

chromosome that is not a sex chromosome....also called autosomal chromosome

mutation

change in a DNA sequence for a variety of reasons

mutagen

a chemical or physical agent (thing) that changes DNA

silent mutation

mutation that does not affect the amino acid

point mutation

substitution of a nucleotide; can effect one codon/ amino acid

frameshift mutation

addition or deletion of a nucleotide which then affects the entire strand of DNA

chromosomal mutation

alter the chromosome by removing, inserting, reversing or duplicating whole genes

Biotechnology

Process of manipulating organisms, cells or molecules to produce specific products.

gel electrophoresis

process of separating DNA fragments based on size with an electric current used in forensics and paternity testing

genetics

the study of how genes are passed from parents to offspring

Genetically Modified Organisms

organsims whose DNA has ben modified in the laboratory in order to produce certain traits