art history test 3

What is one of the major differences between artistic sponsors in Italy and Northern Europe after the Protestant Reformation?

The church is not sponsoring works of art

What was the genre of still life called in the Netherlands and Flanders before the term still life was made popular?

stilleven

What are four items in Peeters’ Vanitas that indicate worldly impermanence?

the bubble, the hand mirror, the dice, the wilted flowers

Why has it been suggested that Peeter’s looks to the right in the Probable self-portrait?

To show that the right side is the correct side of Christ

Beyond their moralizing messages of the ephemeral nature of life, what other idea did these bodegones or ‘little breakfast’ scenes depict?

The sin of gluttony

 In what way does Peeters covertly assert her identity in her works?

She writes her name in the butter knife and she shoes a reflection of herself in metal wear

Name three objects in Peeters’ paintings that allude to global conquest, discovery and wealth.

Mexican knife, Beer from Germany, Almonds from Spain

Still lives of the Dutch Golden Age can compared to these ‘cabinets of curiosities’ made popular during the Age of Exploration/Discovery:

Wunderkammer

The fish in the paintings can be seen as a reference to what?

Ephemerality of life

What Italian Baroque artist, famous for his tenebrism, is clearly an influence on the painters of this period?

Carsvaggio

Where does Peeters sign her Met Bouquet of Flowers? (next to what flower?)

forget-me-nots

What was the reason many women were unable to make history/religious and mythological paintings during this period?

societal norms restricted their education

Name three different textures that Claez. Heda uses in his paintings:

fabric, liquid, reflective

What are two references to the passage of time in Claez. Heda paintings?

Watches and extinguished candles

What does Leyster mean? How would she often sign her paintings?

Judith Leyster’s paintings were often misattributed to this other dutch painter":

Frans Hals

What genre of paintings are Frans Hals and Judith Leyster best known?

Genre scenes/merry company scenes

Leyster was a member of the artist guild of Haarlem at this moment. What 2 advantages did being a member of an artist guild provide:

1: guaranteed commission, 2: allowed women to learn how to draw the human body

What was the name of the guild? Why?

St Luke’s guild bc St Luke was first person to paint Virgin Mary

What was the origin of the complains Leyster filed against Hals?

Hals took one of her students, so she sued

What is possibly new in Leysters The Jolly Toper and Hals’ the Smokers

Tobacco

What were the popular books called in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries (written by men) that, among other things, prescribed appropriate and ethical behavior for married and unmarried women?

emblems

What is a catalogue raisonne?

a compiled list of an artists work?

Why did Leyster’s artistic production decrease after 1636

She had children

What is the major difference between how Leyster portrays the woman in the Proposition and how other male artists have depicted similar genre scenes?

Women are portrayed to be engaged with men, but Leyster’s version, the woman doesn't acknowledge the mans presence

What is one possible Dutch expression that could illuminate the moral of Leyster’s “the Proposition”

No pearl should be bought at night

What is one reason we think that the woman in “the Proposition” is not going to give in to the mans wishes

She is too cold and focused on her work

What are the two foreshortened elements in The Nightwatch?

Rembrandt’s Artist in His Studio anticipates many of the same themes seen in what later 17th Century Spanish work?

What happened to Rembrandt’s Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee?

Who gazes out at the viewer in Christ in the Storm on the Sea of Galilee?

In his Descent of the Cross, where does Rembrandt include himself?

Approximately how many PAINTED self portraits of Rembrandt survive today?

In Rembrandt’s Self Portrait at 34, after which two Italian artists does he model his pose? 

Many of Rembrandt’s Self-Portraits are considered these, Dutch for studies of facial expressions.

What does Rembrandt do in many of his Self-Portraits?

Who appears with Rembrandt in his The Prodigal Son in an Inn ca. 1635? What kind of pie are they eating?

Name three tragedies that Rembrandt had suffered before he paints his Return of the Prodigal Son:

How does Rembrandt’s 1658 Self-Portrait at the Frick possibly relate to his biography?

What is one interpretation of the circles in his 1665 Self Portrait?

 Unlike works in Italy, who is primarily responsible for commissioning works of Rembrandt?

What profession did Herman Doomer practice? Nicolaes Ruts? Maria Trip’s father?

What is unique about Rembrandt’s Pendant portraits of Maerten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit?

What did Rembrandt do to the tiles under Maerten Soolmans’ feet to make him appear larger?

What is Rembrandt’s most famous early group portrait? Who commissioned it?

Why was the man in The Anatomy Lesson killed?

What is often seen as the parallel between the doctor and the painter in The Anatomy Lesson?

What does the shadow of Captain Frans Banninck Cocq's hand reveal on the coat of his lieutenant?

What is the girl with the chicken hanging on her belt supposed to represent?

What was the main goal of the militia units in Amsterdam? How is this revealed in the painting?

What is the actual name of Rembrandt’s The Nightwatch? 

What is Shrovetide?

 List two elements in The Shrovetide Revellers that indicate indulgence? 

 From whom were the Dutch fighting for Independence? And how are Hals’ paintings different from the Spanish art of the day?

Who copied Hals' Malle Babbe?

What was one of the challenges for artists commissioned to do Militia Group Portraits?

What did Van Gogh say about Hals' use of black?

What is the word given to paintings of this era that depict a specific mood or expression, rather than a specific identity?

What expression is Hals primarily known for in his paintings?

Which half of the 1633 The Meagre Company did Hals paint?: