Midterm research methods

False

Health care professionals do not need to know research terminology

Pure

What type of research generates new theory

Clinical

What type of research evaluates therapeutic results

Description

What of research includes trend analysis

Descriptive

What type of research includes qualitative measures

Laboratory

What type of research is most controlled

Applied

What type of research is a study of time usage

experimental

What type of research includes random assignment as a means of controlling extraneous variables?

seconded ordered

Which of the following lists inventories the investigator's capabilities?

true

Many student research projects fail because of unrealistic planning.

unnecessary

How is research performed without a literature search is best described?

false

Health care professionals who replicate a prior study are not guided by a research problem.

true

The research problem is defined by what is known and what is not known.

false

Replicated studies are typically less valuable than the original.

feasibility

Which of the following is a merit indicator when stating a research question?

false

A research question is always stated as either a hypothesis or a null hypothesis.

Problem Statement, Questions, Aims, Objectives

Which order is most appropriate in systematic research?

true

The choice of a "null" hypothesis influences the approach to the problem as well as the statistical analysis of data collected

measurability

Which of the following conditions is most important when generating a research question?

false

objectives are less specific than aims

false

Medline uses a random vocabulary to index articles by title.

false

Most bibliographic databases in healthcare contain general content.

refereed

What is the name for the process where experts critique research articles before publication?

proquest

Which of the following databases contains dissertations and theses?

It covers mainly nursing and allied health sciences

What distinguishes CINAHL from other databases?

Search each term separately and then combine them with Boolean operators

What is the best approach to use when searching medical databases?

Clinical review

Which of the following reviews may contain a case series?

newspaper

Which of the following is generally considered "secondary source"?

true

Web of Science includes only citations to articles

5 years

How far back do most clinical reviews source their information?

Systematic reviews provide more reliable information to guide clinical decisions

How is a systematic review different from a clinical review?

The Cochrane Collaboration

Which of the following organizations promote and compile systematic reviews?

scoping

Which of the following types of systematic reviews is the most broad?

population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome

What is the meaning of the acronym PICO?

meta-analysis

Which part of a systematic review is optional?

true

There are more than twenty types of systematic reviews.

true

A systematic review is a study of studies.

qualitative

Which type of systematic review is designed to generate theory?

To increase the chance for wide-reaching effect

What is the purpose of including stakeholders in the systematic review process?

Cohen's Kappa

Which of the following statistics can be used to objectively quantify the level of agreement between different screeners appraising an article in a systematic review?

It may produce trivial information

What is the disadvantage of using archival data to complete a study?

One-shot case study

Which of the following best describes an un-randomized study design with a single treatment following by a single observation?

random

What type of error is produced when an investigator encounters unanticipated wide variability in the data?

instrumental

What type of reliability is improved by using calibration?

protocol and practice

what is the two P rule of interrupter reliability

attrition

which threat to internal validity is temporal

regression

Which of the following threats to validity occurs when repeatedly measuring participants who are outliers?

external

What type of validity is threatened by choosing participants from a small subgroup of the overall population?

rosenthal

Which of the following describes the influence of a charismatic investigator on the participant's measured results?

prospective

What type of design is typically used on concurrent cohort studies?

interval

what type of data is blood pressure

non-parametric

What family of statistical tests should be used when analyzing true ordinal data?

A comparison of group running performance to known human performance tables

Which of the following represents quasi-experimental study design?

Inability to establish causality

What is the main disadvantage of survey research?

interview

What type of survey is best-suited for the study of economically distressed geriatric patient satisfaction during hospitalization?

false

Including a modest inducement such as a five-dollar bill typically guarantees a survey response.

limited investigator time

Which of the following is characteristic of web-based surveys?

follow-up notice help increase response time

Which of the following statements about personal interview survey research is true?

false

When collecting demographic data asking for the same data, such as salary, in multiple and different ways is a technique used to improve the accuracy of responses.

the use of an intensity marker on a continuum

Which of the following survey items describes a visual analogue scale?

Strongly agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree

Which of the following represents the classic Likert scale?

descriptive

Which type of statistics is used to present demographic data?

false

With rating scales each value is used at least once.

positivism

Which of the following paradigms best fits quantitative research?

Participatory

How is the qualitative researcher's role best described?

false

Qualitative researchers use deductive reasoning and hypothesis testing in the same way as quantitative researchers, only with words.

credibility

Which of the following terms used by qualitative researchers is somewhat analogous to the term internal validity used by quantitative researchers?

purposeful

Which of the following sampling schemes is more likely to be used by qualitative researchers than quantitative researchers?

thematically

How are qualitative results reported?

false

Most qualitative studies do not require Institutional Review Board Approval.

snowball

Which sampling scheme allows study participants to find and recruit additional participants?

photographs taken of the study site

Which of the following would be considered artifacts in a basic qualitative study?

member- checking

Which of the following activities is used to enhance credibility in a qualitative study?

Creates co-learning and shared research between scientists and lay community members

What is the purpose of community-based participatory research?

constructivism

What is the paradigm associated with community-based participatory research?

A member of the community takes researchers on a tour to collect field notes

Which of the following activities would be considered action-oriented community diagnosis AOCD?

The measurement method is agreed upon through partnership

Which of the follow statements about CBPR interviewing is true?

false

In CBPR, lay community members are not typically involved in the quantitative statistical analysis of the data collected.

everyone associated with or affected by the research

Which of the following is considered a stakeholder in CBPR?

true

Community priorities often trump researcher priorities in CBPR.

strengths-based

Which of the following approaches to needs assessment is characteristic of CBPR action-oriented community diagnosis?

false

A scientist on the research team who originally comes from the community studied is still considered an insider for the purposes of CBPR.

insider

What is meant by the term "emic" perspective?

Use of an informed consent form

Which of the following is considered good clinical practice in the clinical research process as defined by the International Committee on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use?

the principal investigator

Who oversees and manages adverse events that occur to study participants?

conduction on-site audits of study records

Which of the following tasks is performed by the clinical research associate (CRA)?

false

Releasing study records to the corporate sponsor of a clinical research study is a violation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA).

Drawing lab work on patients to see if they qualify for the study prior to obtaining consent

Which of the following scenarios violates FDA regulations?

false

Participants are typically randomized to their study group before they are screened for eligibility.

false

The only adverse events included in study documentation are those deemed to be caused by the investigational product or device.

24 hours

When should the research site report serious adverse events to the study sponsor or institutional review board?

phase 1

What phase of research establishes the toxicity of an investigational medication?

false

Once the study medication or device is approved, the FDA does not require continued data collection.