HLTA02 Final Exam Flashcards

Health Care Systems

Health Care Systems

A relationship in which a group of individuals (“carers” or “providers”) offers “personal services to an individual “patient” (and it just so happens that service is health-related)

Principle-agent relationship

Patients delegate decisions to providers

Libertarian view

Use of health services and benefits based on ability to pay. Private finance (maybe a ‘safety net’ for poor)

Egalitarian view

Access according to need. Separate access from financial contribution. Public (publicly regulated) finance

Moral hazard

When people are protected from risks, they might behave in riskier ways because someone else will bear the costs

Co-payment

Those who receive care pay a fixed amount

Co-insurance

Amount paid is a percentage of the bill

Deductible

User pays after insurance has paid a certain sum

What is the private/public methods for health financing and delivery?

We don’t have purely public healthcare system. Public financing, private services/delivery.

Premier _____ introduces the Saskatchewan Hospital Services Plan + first universal hospital insurance program in North America

Premier Tommy Douglas (NDP) introduces the Saskatchewan Hospital Services Plan + first universal hospital insurance program in North America

Prime Minister _____ leads Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (HIDSA)

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent (LIB) leads Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (HIDSA)

“Rules” for Canada Health Act

• Public administration

• Comprehensiveness

• Universality

• Portability

• Accessibility

What does “quintile” mean?

a statistic in 5 parts (you can google the definition)

Allocation

How resources flow from payers to providers and the different incentives that go with different payment models

Global budgets

do as little as possible, ensure budget is not exceeded 

Fee-for-service

deliver more services to increase revenues (think of family doctors cramming all patients in one day)

Capitation

select lowest cost clients 

Progressive health financing

Rich contribute higher proportion of ability to pay in financing health services than the poor

Regressive health financing

Equal contributions, regardless of ability to pay

Stickiness

Probability that someone working in a job will stay there the next year

___ were given responsibility for regulation and licensure

Provinces were given responsibility for regulation and licensure

provinces

CAM

diverse range of healing approaches

Holism

Person must be considered in their totality

Vitalism

The human body is alive and well due to a special type of energy or force

Neoliberism

Minimizing government interaction; market-led based

Marketization

Process by which previously public services become increasingly like private businesses

Reminder advertising

you can mention drug name but not use or benefits

Help-seeking advertising

describe medical condition but not specific drugs

Technogovernance

the government using technology to manage and make decisions

Healthscapes

actual spaces health care is preformed in (eg. hospice, clinic, hospital)

Medical Gaze

Introduced by _____

Medical Gaze

Introduced by Michel Foucault

3 perspectives on medical technology

Technological determinism

• Technology is a dominant force

• Restricts autonomy of caregivers and silences the ill

Social Essentialism

• More tolerant view of the use of technology in biomedicine

• Technology is just tools

Technology in Practice

• Importance of technology is understood only within its relationship to practice

Risk factor

something that increases risk or susceptibility

Social Movement

Mobilizing people for action

Social Justice

Situation in which all citizens share equal access to treatment and fair allocation of resources regardless of social status

Libertarianism

individuals have the right to own property and the government should not try to redistribute resources

(freedom to make own health choices w/o government interference)

Classic Utilitarianism (Social Justice Type)

goods should be shared to deliver the greatest benefit to the maximum number of people

Marxism (Social Justice Type)

Right of subsistence (essential to sustain life)

Right to nourishment, shelter, clothing, medicine

Rawlsian

Social and economic inequality should be arranged so that

They benefit the least advantaged in the greatest way possible

Health Activism

Taking action to create change

Advocacy

speaking up/supporting a cause

3 aspects around social movements

naming, blaming, claiming

3 reasons why people form social movements

1. political parties lack. clear mandate

2. representation

3. expertise

types of social movements in health

health access movements

constituency-based mocements

embodied health movements

Globality

process by which planet is experience and conceptualized as a single social space (eg. internet)

Dimensions of Globalization

1. Ethnoscapes

2. Technoscapes

   
   

3. Mediascapes

4. Ideaoscapes

   
   

5. Financespaces

Global Political Economy (PE)

Understand relationship between democratic governments and economy

Moral distance

We may perceive people physically close as psychologically distant, or vice versa (e.g., ethnicity, religion, culture)

Zoonosis

Disease spread from animals to humans

Malpractice

Breaches of standards of care occur from actions that should have been taken or performed negligently

Adverse event

Unintended injury or complication that results in disability at the time of discharge, death, or prolonged stay

Tuskegee experiment

• African American men divided into two groups

  • Previously contracted syphilis

  • No history of syphilis

substitute decision-maker (SDM)

Who will make decisions on your behalf