Biology 111- Chapter 1

Biology

the study of life and living organisms

What is a microscopic organism that is bigger and more complex than bacteria?

Protist

Morel

What is a fungus that digests food externally called?

What is a photosynthetic plant?

Sunflower

Humpback whale

What is an aquatic animal that digests food?

Are both living and nonliving organisms made up of the same chemical elements?

Yes

Do Organisms follow the same chemical and physical laws as everything else on Earth?

Yes

Organ (Biological Order)

Complete the Biological Order Atom, molecule, Tissue..

Population (Biological Order)

Complete the Biological Order, organ, organ system, organism..

Community (Biological Order)

Complete the Biological Order, organism, population, species...

Biosphere (Biological Order)

Complete the Biological Order, community Ecosystem...

What is the largest of the Biological Order

Biosphere

Atom (In relation to its location in the biological Order)

What is the smallest of the Biological Order?

Biosphere (Definition)

Regions of the Earth's crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living things.

What is a community plus the physical environment?

Ecosystem

Energy

What flows through an ecosystem alongside inorganic matter?

What type of matter flows in an ecosystem?

Inorganic Matter

Community (Definition)

interacting populations in a particular area

Species (Definition)

All populations of a specific type of organism

Population (Definition)

Organisms of the same species in a given area.

Organism (Definition)

An individual; complex individuals contain organ systems

Organ System (Definition)

composed of several organs working together

Organ (Definition)

A collection of tissues that function to carry out a specific task.

Tissue (Definition)

a group of cells with a common structure and function.

Cell (Definition)

The structural and functional unit of all living organisms.

Molecule (Definition)

union of two or more atoms of the same or different elements

Atom (Definition)

The smallest unit of an element made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Single celled bacteria are..

independent or unicellular

Multicellular

Contains more than one cell.

Tissue (What does it do?)

Forms in multicellular organisms made up of similar cells. Nerve and muscle tissues are an example.

Organism (What is it made up of?)

Put together by organ systems

Emergent Properties

Unique characteristics that are determined by interactions of individual parts.

What can living organisms not survive without?

An outside source of nutrients and energy.

What is energy?

The capacity to do work and bring about change.

In what forms does energy occur?

Energy occurs in a variety of forms.

What are nutrients in relation to energy?

Nutrients are the building blocks of energy.

Metabolism (Meta = Change)

The entirety of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell.

What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all of life on Earth?

The Sun

Photosynthesis

When chloroplasts use solar energy to break carbon dioxide down to carbohydrates or sugar. All life on Earth needs this energy from metabolizing nutrient molecules, even the plants.

What is this process called? When a producer like grass creates nutrients via photosynthesis then the chemical goes through each population in the food chain until death. Decomposition returns the inorganic nutrients back to the producers.

Chemical Cycling

What happens to the inorganic matter after it dissipates during the chemical cycle?

It returns to the atmosphere as heat.

What are two things ecosystems organisms need to survive?

Solar Power and Photosynthetic organisms

What biomes require a large amount of Solar Power?

Coral Reefs and Tropical Rainforests

What is homeostasis?

Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms.

What factors must remain within the tolerance range of an organism for homeostasis?

Temperature, moisture level, acidity, and other physiological functions.

How is homeostasis maintained?

By systems that monitor internal conditions and make necessary adjustments.

Unicellular organisms move towards or away from what?

Chemicals and/or light

Multicellular organisms can react in a more complex manner to their environment. What is an example of this?

Monarch butterflies detecting the coming of fall and migrating south.

What is caused by responses to the environment?

Movement and behaviors.

What does life come from?

Other life

How do bacteria, protists and other single celled organisms reproduce?

Splitting themselves into two

How do multicellular organisms reproduce?

They reproduce through the sperm from one partner and the egg from the other partner. Once the union of the egg and sperm happen. then many cell divisions occur it results in the immature stage which goes through development.

What happens when the sperm and egg unify?

Many cell divisions happen and they then result into the immature stage which then goes through development.

Development

The process of regulated growth and differentiation of cells and tissues.

What are genes?

Units of heredity that exist as alleles on chromosomes.

What do genes provide?

Genetic instructions given via reproduction.

How many alleles are typically inherited from each parent in diploid organisms?

Two alleles.

What are genes made up of?

DNA.

What genes are present in the cells of multicellular organisms?

All of them.

What is activated in a specialized cell?

A specific set of cells

Mutation

any change made in the nucleotides sequence of DNA; source of a new variation of a species.

Adaptations

species modification in structure, function, or behavior that makes a species more suitable to its environment

What is evolution?

Genetic change in a species over time.

What results from evolution?

Development of genetic or phenotypic differences.

What is the basis of natural selection?

Genetic or phenotypic differences that arise from evolution.

What does evolution explain about organisms?

Descent of organisms from a common ancestor.

What is Natural Selection?

A mechanism of evolutionary change caused by environmental selection of organisms.

What is required for Natural Selection to occur?

Organisms must have heritable variation and compete for resources.

What is the outcome of natural selection?

It results in adaptation to the environment.

What does ‘most fit to reproduce’ mean in the context of natural selection?

It refers to organisms that are best adapted to their environment and thus more likely to reproduce.

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