Jarvis Chapter 3 (The Interview)

b

Parents or caregivers accompany children to the health care setting. Starting at ___ years of age, the interviewer asks the child directly about his or her presenting symptoms.

a. 11

b. 7

c. 9

d. 5

b

When preparing the physical setting for an interview, the interviewer should

a. stand next to the patient to convey a professional demeanor.

b. conduct the interview at eye level and at a distance of 4 to 5 feet.

c. reduce noise by turning the volume on the television or radio down.

d. set the room temperature between 64° F and 66° F.

a

Which of the following statements made by the interviewer would be an appropriate response?

a. "Tell me what you mean by 'bad blood.'"

b. "If I were you, I would have the surgery."

c. "I know just how you feel."

d. "Why did you wait so long to make an appointment?"

d

While discussing the treatment plan, the nurse infers that the patient is uncomfortable asking the physician for a different treatment because of fear of the physician's reaction. In this situation, the nurse's verbal interpretation

a. impedes further discussion.

b. helps the nurse understand his or her own feelings in relation to the patient's verbal message.

c. affects the nurse-physician relationship.

d. helps the patient understand personal feelings in relation to his or her verbal message.

a

The use of euphemisms to avoid reality or to hide feelings is known as

a. avoidance language.

b. distancing language.

c. sympathetic language.

d. ethnocentric language.

d

When addressing a toddler during the interview, the health care provider should

a. use detailed explanations.

b. ask the child, before the caregivers, about symptoms.

c. use nonverbal communication.

d. use short, simple, concrete sentences.

b

Nonverbal communication is the primary form of communication for which group of individuals?

a. older adults

b. infants

c. preschoolers

d. adolescents

a

Viewing the world from another person's inner frame of reference is called

a. empathy

b. clarification

c. reflection

d. sympathy

a

An example of an open-ended question or statement is

a. "Tell me about your pain."

b. "You are upset about the level of pain, right?"

c. "On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain?"

d. "I can see that you are quite uncomfortable."

a

The most appropriate introduction to use to start an interview with an older adult patient is

a. "Mr. Jones, I want to ask you some questions about your health so that we can plan your care."

b. "David, I am here to ask you questions about your illness; we want to determine what is wrong."

c. "Because so many people have already asked you questions, I will just get the information from the chart."

d. "Mr. Jones, is it okay if I ask you several questions this morning about your health?"

ad hoc interpreter

an untrained person used as an interpreter (usually a family member, friend, or child) for a patient with limited english proficiency (LEP)

clarification

examiner's response used when the patient's word choice is ambiguous or confusing

confrontation

response in which examiner gives honest feedback about what he or she has seen or felt after observing a certain patient action, feeling, or statement

distancing

the use of impersonal speech to put space between one's self and a threat

elderspeak

infantilizing and demeaning language used by a health professional when speaking to an older adult

empathy

viewing the world from the other person's inner frame of reference while remaining yourself; recognizing and accepting the other person's feelings without criticism

facilitation

examiner's response that encourages the patient to say more, to continue with the story

interpretation

examiner's statement that is not based on direct observation, but is based on examiner's inference or conclusion; links events, makes associations, or implies cause

jargon

medical vocabulary used with a patient in an exclusionary and paternalistic way

reflection

examiner response that echoes the patient's words; repeats part of what the patient has just said

summary

final review of what examiner understands patient has said; condenses facts and presents a survey of how the examiner perceives the health problem or need

telegraphic speech

speech used by age 3 or 4 years in which three- or four-word sentences contain only the essential words

a

________________ is exhibiting an accurate understanding of the other person's feelings within a communication context.

a. empathy

b. liking others

c. facilitation

d. a nonverbal listening technique

b

You conduct an admission interview. Because you are expecting a phone call, you stand near the door. Which would be a more appropriate approach?

a. arrange to have someone page you so you can sit on the side of the bed.

b. have someone else answer the phone so you can give the patient your full attention

c. use this approach given the circumstances

d. arrange for a time free of interruptions after the initial physical examination is complete.

c

A patient asks the nurse, "May I ask you a question?" This is an example of

a. an open ended question

b. a reflective question

c. a closed question

d. a double barreled question

d

Which statement best describes interpretation as a communication technique?

a. interpretation is the same as clarification

b. interpretation is a summary of a statement made by a patient

c. interpretation is used to focus on a particular aspect of what the patient has just said.

d. interpretation is based on the interviewer's inference from the data that has been presented.

b

Which demonstrates a good understanding of the interview process?

a. the nurse stops the patient each time something is said that is not understood.

b. the nurse spends more time listening than talking

c. the nurse is consistently thinking of his or her next response so the patient will know he or she is understood.

d. the nurse uses "why" questions to seek clarification of unusual symptoms or behavior.

a

During an interview, a patient denies having anxiety. The patient frequently changes position in the chair, holds his arms folded tight against his chest, and has little eye contact with the interviewer. The interviewer should:

a. use confrontation to bring the discrepancy between verbal and nonverbal behavior to the patient's attention

b. proceed with the interview. Patients usually are truthful with a health care practitioner.

c. make a mental note to discuss the behavior after the physical examination is completed.

d. proceed with the interview and examination as outlined on the agency assessment form. The patient's behavior is appropriate for the circumstances.

d

For what or with whom should touch be used during the interview?

a. only with individuals from a western culture

b. as a routine way of establishing contact with the person and communicating empathy

c. only with patients of the same gender

d. only if the interviewer knows the person well

b

Children usually come for health care with a caregiver. At about what age should the interviewer begin to question the child himself or herself regarding presenting symptoms?

a. 5 years

b. 7 years

c. 9 years

d. 11 years

d

Because of adolescents' developmental level, not all interviewing techniques can be used with them. Which techniques should be avoided?

a. facilitation and clarification

b. confrontation and explanation

c. empathy and interpretations

d. silence and reflection

b

Knowledge of the use of personal space is helpful for the health care provider. Personal distance is generally considered to be:

a. 0 to 1.5 feet

b. 1.5 to 4 feet

c. 4 to 12 feet

d. 12 or more feet

c

Mr B tells you, "Everyone here ignores me." You respond "Ignores you?" This technique is best described as

a. clarification

b. selective listening

c. reflecting

d. validation

a

What does active listening not include?

a. taking detailed notes during the interview

b. watching for clues in body language

c. repeating statements back to the person to make sure you have understood

d. asking open ended questions to explore the person's perspective

b

When interviewing a patient who does not speak English, the examiner should:

a. take advantage of family members who are readily available and willing to assist

b. use a qualified medical interpreter who is culturally literate.

c. seek as much information as possible and then continue with the physical examination

d. wait until a qualified medical interpreter is available before starting the interview.

b

With older adults, how should the examiner proceed with the interview?

a. proceed in a more organized and concise manner

b. consider the fatigue of the older person and break the interview into shorter segments

c. ask a family member to complete some of the records while moving ahead with the interview

d. raise your voice if the patient does not appear to hear you.