Chemical Thermodynamics

The energy of the universe is _.

Constant

Delta S is _ for any spontaneous reaction.

Positive

Are spontaneous reactions reversible?

No

Does the spontaneity of a reaction relate to reaction speed?

No

Can endothermic and exothermic reactions both be spontaneous?

Yes

Are solutions higher or lower entropy than the solid and solvent when separate?

Higher

Third Law of Thermodynamics: The entropy of a perfect crystal at 0 degrees K is _.

Zero

Standard entropy values represent the increase in entropy when a substance is _.

Heated from 0 degrees K to 298 degrees K at 1atm of pressure

The more complex the molecule, the _ the standard entropy value.

Higher

Gibbs Helmholtz Equation

Delta G standard = Delta H standard - t * Delta S standard

What units should not be used in the Gibbs Helmholtz equation?

Joules

G nonstandard and Q equation (original)

Delta G nonstandard = Delta G standard + RTlnQ

Value of R

0.00831

At equilibrium, __ = _ and _ = _

Delta G = 0 and Q = K

Do solids and liquids belong in the K expression?

No

In a reversible process, Delta H of the surroundings + Delta H of the system equals

Zero

In an irreversible process, Delta S of the universe _.

Increases