Computer Programming

Programming

multistep process for creating a program

code

way of giving computersinstructions about what theyshould do next

computer program

list or sequence of instructions that tell a computer what to do.

programming language

written by a computer program

programming language (PL)

type of written language that tells computers what to do in order to work

Programming languages

used to make all the computerprograms or software

Syntax

It consists of rules governing the structure and content of the statement that shouldbe followed

source code

written by a programmer using a programming language to create programs

Source code

well-written set of instructions andstatements to develop a program

Low-level or high-levellanguage

Source code can be written

binary/binaries

machine language

language translator

Source code must be translated to machine language(binary form)

Assembler

translates a program written from an assemblylanguage to a low-level language

Interpreter

translates each statement or one line at a time andexecuted immediately after translation

Compiler

translates all statements at one time. It provides all the error messages - called diagnostics- at once

Low-level Language

uses instructions tieddirectly to one type ofcomputer

Low-level Language

often cryptic and nothuman-readable

High-level language

uses English-likeinstructions

Assembly Language

A programming language withsymbolic names for opcodes,and decimals or labels formemory addresses

programming paradigm

a style, or "way," ofprogramming to solve problem using some programminglanguage

programming paradigm

approach or method to solve a problem using tools and techniques that are available to us following someapproach

programming paradigm

a way to classify programming languages based ontheir features

Procedure-oriented program

programmer concentrateson the major tasks that the program needs to perform

Object-oriented program

requires the programmer tofocus on the objects that the program can use toaccomplish its goal

phases

sequence of steps we follow when we developing a program

program development life cycle

set of steps orphases that are used to develop a program in anyprogramming language

Requirement

description of what a system should do

Requirement

t involves the collection of information and the definition of thecharacteristics or features of the desired system

algorithm

step-by-step sequence of instructions thatdescribe how data will be processed to produce the desiredoutput

Pseudocode

an algorithm written in normal Human language statements to describe the logic and processing flow

Flowchart

isualrepresentation of the sequenceof steps and decisions neededto perform a process

Coding

The actual writing of the program based on the designspecifications

Desk checking

is manually testing the solution design tomake sure that it is free of errors and that the logic works

Debugging

means detecting, locating, and removing all errorsin a computer program

Syntax Error

the most common error and incorrect use ofprogramming language statements

Run-time Error

software error that occurs while a program isbeing executed

Logical Error

mistake in a program's source code that results inincorrect or unexpected behavior

Documentation

written detailed description of theprogramming cycle and specific facts about the program

Maintenance

activity designed to keep programserror-free, up-to-date and in good working condition