Feasibility Advanced higher chem

the enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is formed from its elements in their standard states.

The standard enthalpy of formation is...

298 K (room temperature) and 1 atm

Standard conditions are...

entropy (S)

The measure of the degree of disorder of a system is known as...

J K‾¹ mol‾¹

Entropy tends to have the units...

kJ mol‾¹

Enthalpy tends to have the units...

increases.

When temperature increases, the entropy...

low

Solids have a ________ level of disorder.

high

Gases have a _________ level of disorder

increase

Going from a solid to a liquid is associated with a rapid __________ in entropy.

liquid

The greatest increase in entropy is when a substance changes from a _________ to a gas.

that the total entropy of a reaction system and its surroundings always increases for a spontaneous process.

The second law of thermodynamics states...

that as temperature increases, so does the level of disorder (entropy) ALSO the entropy of a perfect crystal is zero at 0 K.

The third law of thermodynamics states...

that energy cannot be created or destroyed

The first law of thermodynamics states...

the increase in entropy of the surroundings.

Reactions that have a decrease in entropy for the system can still be spontaneous due to...

the standard entropy of a substance

The entropy value for a substance in its standard state is known as...

ΔG°

The change in free energy for a reaction has the symbol...

negative

For a reaction to be feasible, the change in free energy (ΔG°) needs to be...

zero

The temperature at which a reaction just becomes feasible has a ΔG° value of...

the reaction is at equilibrium

In a reversible reaction, the value of ΔG = 0 when...

large

Feasible reactions will have a very _______ value of K (the equilibrium constant)

Endothermic

The breaking of bonds is an example of what kind of process?

Exothermic

The forming of bonds is an example of what kind of process?

ΔH = negative ΔS = negative

What is the sign of ΔH and ΔS for the process of water condensing?

because the increase in entropy in the surroundings is greater than the decrease in entropy of the system

Explain how water condensing is a feasible reaction even although the water is becoming more ordered