Maize and Its Importance

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding maize, its ancestor, processing methods, and carbohydrate sources.

Where did maize originate from?

From the New World, specifically Mesoamerica (Mexico/Central America).

What is the name of maize's wild relative (ancestor)?

Maize's wild ancestor is teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis).

What are the four traits that were improved in cultivated maize compared to teosinte?

1. Ear size & kernel number: from tiny ears with few kernels to large ears with many kernels. 2. Seed casing: from hard-enclosed kernels to naked kernels for easier eating and processing. 3. Shattering: non-shattering ears to keep kernels on the cob for harvest. 4. Branching: single tall stalk instead of highly branched plants for easier growth and harvesting.

How is corn processed to make nixtamal?

Dried maize kernels are cooked and soaked in an alkaline solution (water + lime/calcium hydroxide), then washed and ground.

What is a carbohydrate?

A carbohydrate is a molecule made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (e.g., starch, sugars) used primarily as an energy source.

What are other major carbohydrate sources in the New World?

Other major carbohydrate sources include potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, beans, and other grains.

What is the name of the fruits of the Poaceae family?

The fruits of the Poaceae family (grasses like rice, wheat, maize) are called caryopses, commonly known as grains.