world after 1939 study guide

what caused the rise of facism

what caused the rise of facism

the great depression and treaty of versailles

who led the rise of facism in Germany

mussolini and hitler

why does the US enter ww2

the bombing of pearl harbor

berlin airlift

happened right after ww2

marshall plan

• Billions of dollars in grants went to Western Europe to rebuild housing, transportation systems & industrial plants

• Rebuild national economies → stabilize government

truman doctrine

Pledged military aid to Greece, Turkey & any other nation threatened with communist aggression & expansion

korean war

• Nationalism vs imperialism

• Developed from Cold War tensions

fidel castro

• Organized a guerilla army & fought against Batista

• Gained victory in 1959

command economy

• Soviet Union

• The government makes all the decisions

capitalist economy

• United States

• Private consumers making their own decisions 

• Free market economy

independence and partition

• Gandhi and the policy of colonialism

• Non-violence, passive resistance, and civil disobedience is the way to protest

• Partitioned because of the Muslims and Hindus 

• Partition was a response to Britain trying to colonize India

muslim and hindu conflicts

religious division → political division

mao zeodong

• Communist leader

• Won because he promised peasants land → had the support of the peasants

Chiang Kai-shek

• Nationalist leader

• fed to taiwan

Great Leap Forward

• Trying to increase agricultural and industry output

• People were dying of starvation

• Red guard: loyal to Mao, young people

Tiananmen Square

• Massacre of people protesting for personal rights (freedom of speech/expression)

• Troops and tanks were sent in to end a peaceful protest (the government wanted order and control of the people)

• people died

Apartheid

• South African policy that governed relations between the white minority and nonwhite majority

• Original causes are gone, but effects still exist

Suez Crisis

• an invasion of Egypt and the Gaza Strip in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France

• What is Egypt doing? They want to nationalize the Suez Canal

Six Day War

• Israel overran the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights on the Syrian border, and East Jerusalem

• More control over the region

Intifada (1987 and 2000)

• Frustrated with the lack of progress in gaining a Palestinian state

• Began widespread acts of civil disobedience

• Crackdowns by the Israelis led to a wave of sympathy throughout the world for the Palestinians

Camp David Accords

• Based on the concept of “land for peace”

• Sadat was later assassinated by a group of Muslim extremists angered by Egypt’s peace with Israel

Oslo Peace Accords

• Direct talks between Israel & the PLO

• Rabin assassinated by right-wing Jewish extremists opposed to making concessions with the Palestinians

Islamic Fundamentalism

apply traditional Islamic values and beliefs of religion to how the country is run (best example: Iran because of Iranian revolution)

D-Day

• Invasion of Normandy

• marked the turn of the tide for the control maintained by Nazi Germany

United Nations

1. Purpose:

   1. Collective security

2. Organization:

   1. General Assembly

   2. UN Security Council

Cuban Revolution

Restriction of political freedoms

iran-iraq war

1. Iraq seized control of disputed territory between both countries → war

   1. Both sides attacked oil tankers in Persian Gulf

      1. U.S. Navy began to protect shipping lanes in the region

2. Caused extreme hardship in both countries

iraq war (2003)

1. U.S. & other nations invaded Iraq

   1. Claimed Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) that posed an imminent threat to their security

      1. Use of torture & posion gas 

2. Invasion led to the quick defeat of the Iraqi military

3. Saddam Hussein was eventually captured & executed

blowback from Iraq war

1. Led to an Iraqi insurgency

2. Conflicts between Sunni and Shia Iraqi groups

3. al-Qaeda operations in Iraq

Joseph Stalin

5 year plans → increase in industrial output

Nelson Mandela

became president of south africa

Gorbachev in the Soviet Union

1. Wanted to end Cold War tensions

2. Pulled troops out of Afghanistan, which ended the war

3. Reformed Soviet government & economy

Perestroika

1. Restructured economy

   1. Goals: stimulate economic growth & to make the industry more efficient

Glasnost

1. ended censorship & encouraged people to discuss openly the problems in the Soviet Union

2. Encouraged people to speak up against the government

   1. Hoped to win support for his policies both among ordinary citizens & members of the Communist Party

causes of the fall of the Soviet union

1. Leadership of Gorbachev

2. Glasnost

3. Perestroika

4. Economic problems

5. Freedom movement in Eastern Europe

effects of the fall of the Soviet union

1. Formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States

2. Loss of the role as world superpower

3. End of the Cold War

4. Economic hardships

5. Conflicts between pro-communist & pro-democratic groups

6. Minority revolts & civil conflicts

fall of Berlin wall

1. Built to keep East Germans from fleeing to the west, but they wants to share the prosperity and freedom enjoyed by West Germans

2. East German leaders could no longer count on support from the Soviet Union (by 1989)

   1. protests rose —> communist government didn’t have power —> wall was torn down

chechnya

1. fought for independence from Russia for over 150 years

2. When Soviet Union collapsed, Russia refused to recognize Chechnya as an independent nation

   1. Bitter war began between the Russian army & Chechen army separatists

      1. Russian troops & air attacks destroyed sections of Chechnya

      2. Chechen terrorists conducted deadly attacks on civilians across Russia

juan peron

• former army colonel that appealed to Argentine nationalism

• gained popularity: boosted wages, strengthened labor unions, and began social welfare programs

• Lost power in a military coup (1955)

war crimes trials

being held accountable for crimes committed during the war

human, economic losses

Loss of life

space race

• soviets launch Sputnik —> caught American off guard but they realized that the same technology could be used to quickly deliver atomic weapons anywhere on earth

• us created NASA

emergence of 2 superpowers

us and ussr

occupied nations

• Germany was divided →creation of the Berlin

• Wall Soviet Union falls→Cold War is over

divided Germany

• east vs west

• berlin wall

arms race

both countries are trying to build arsenals of weapons that made it scary to live in the world, but were never used because of mutually assured destruction

pol pot

led the genocide in cambodia

khmer rouge

Responsible for genocide in Cambodia

what does the United States care about most in the middle east

oil

developing nations

• struggling

• lead to food production problems and health because they cannot keep up →malnutrition and poor education

European Economic Unification, Common Market, European Union

• The purpose was to spur economic growth

• Community 

• Elimated tariffs

rwanda

1. Genocide and ethnic cleansing

2. Colonialism 

3. Loyal to their ethnic groups

4. Ethnic groups struggle for political control 

5. The French were responsible

Soviet invasion

1. Not a success for the Soviet Union → beginning of the downfall of the Soviet Union

2. Soviets never recovered from the public relations & financial losses → contributed to the fall of the soviet empire