SASE SCIENCE REVIEWER

Which of the following is the function of the cotyledon in a seed?

a. To form the lower portion of the plant
b. To form the upper portion of the plant
c. To protect the seed from drying out
d. To provide nutrients for the germinating plant

D. To provide nutrients for the germinating plant

An embryo begins to develop from a zygote as a direct result of

a. Fermentation
b. budding
c. sporulation
d. cleavage

D. cleavage

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze a particular biochemical reaction involving specific substrate molecules. Enzyme activity is affected by pH, that is

a. pH has no effect on enzyme activity.
b. All enzymes work at any pH
c. Each enzyme works at different optimum level.
d. Enzymes works at a higher pH when the temperature is higher and at a lower pH when the temperature is lower.

C. Each enzyme works at different optimum level.

It is considered as the most primitive kingdom.

a. Fungi
b. Monera
c. Animals
d. Plants

B. Monera

Which of the following may stimulate the growth of the roots in plant cuttings?

a. The use of auxins
b. A decrease in enzymes
c. a decrease in soil minerals
d. the use of endocrine secretions

A. The use of auxins

1. Two different forms of the same gene and are located on homologous chromosomes.

a. Chromatids
b. Genes
c. Alleles
d. DNA

C. Alleles

The reason why gases diffuse faster than liquids is that gas molecules are

a. More free to move than liquid molecules.
b. More comprehensible than liquid molecules.
c. Lighter than liquid molecules.
d. More elastic than liquid molecules.

A. More free to move than liquid molecules.

Smoke particles are examined under a microscope, and were observed to be moving randomly. This movement is due to

a. Air currents blowing on the smoke particles.
b. Air molecules bumping into smoke particles.
c. The force of attraction between the smoke particles.
d. Smoke particles reacting with oxygen in the air.

B. Air molecules bumping into smoke particles.

Solids do not diffuse like gases because the particles of a solid

a. Stationary.
b. Are too close to move.
c. are too heavy to move.
d. cannot move around each other.

D. cannot move around each other.

A chemical reaction occurs when

a. Salt solution is heated
b. Crude oil is distilled
c. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to magnesium ribbon.
d. An electric current passes through an electric wire.

C. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to magnesium ribbon

It is the separation of a liquid into different substances with different boiling points.

a. Distillation
b. Filtration
c. Chromatography
d. Evaporation

A. Distillation

Which of the following is a physical property of sugar?

a. Its composition is hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
b. It can be decomposed with heat.
c. It is a white crystalline solid.
d. It turns black with concentrated H2SO4.

C. It is a white crystalline solid.

When water changes into steam, the molecules become

a. separate atoms.
b. more widely spaced.
c. much larger.
d. less in mass.

B. more widely spaced.

When ice changes from a solid to a liquid at its melting point

a. Its temperature increases.
b. Heat is given out.
c. Its particles gain energy.
d. Its particles become more ordered.

C. Its particles gain energy.

Fine pollen grains in the surface of water are examined under a microscope. It is observed that the pollen grains are in random motion and frequently changing direction. The movement is most likely due to the

a. Movement of air across the water.
b. Chemical reaction between the pollen and the water.
c. Collisions between water molecules and pollen grains.
d. Attraction and repulsion between charged particles.

C. Collisions between water molecules and pollen grains.

Alleles are genes which

a. Are linked to only one chromosome.
b. Occupy corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.
c. Are sex-linked and are transmitted from fathers to their daughters.
d. Are always sex-linked and are transmitted from mother to their sons.

B. Occupy corresponding positions on homologous chromosomes.

Phenotype maybe defined as

a. Genetic makeup of an individual.
b. Hidden traits of an individual.
c. Visible expression of genotype.
d. Unrelated characteristics.

C. Visible expression of genotype.

. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Kangaroos have 12 chromosomes in each body cell. This means that the number of chromosomes in each egg cell of a kangaroo is

a. 6
b. 12
c. 18
d. 24

A. 6

Which of the statements following is true?

a. DNA is made up of genes and contains chromosomes.
b. Chromosomes are made of DNA and contain genes.
c. Genes are made of DNA and contain chromosomes.
d. Genes are made of chromosomes and contain DNA.

B. Chromosomes are made of DNA and contain genes.

All living things are made up of cells. Different cells and organs are adapted for their different roles in life processes. All living cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane. In addition to these, plant cells also have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a vacuole. Which part of a cell contains the mitochondria?

a. Nucleus
b. Cytoplasm
c. Cell membrane
d. Cell wall

B. Cytoplasm

1. The part of a plant cell that stores water, sugar and minerals.

a. Nucleus
b. Vacuole
c. Chloroplast
d. Cell wall

B. Vacuole

Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy and inorganic compounds to chemical energy and organic compounds. This is the way the plants make their own food. It happens mainly in the palisade cells of leaves, and is a complex chemical reaction requiring energy from light. Photosynthesis

a. uses up oxygen.
b. is not important to animals.
c. takes place only in darkness
d. is essential to all life on earth.

D. is essential to all life on earth.

Plants need carbon dioxide, water, light and chlorophyll in order to make starch by photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide enters plants through holes in the leaves called

a. Air spaces.
b. stomata.
c. cuticles.
d. chloroplasts.

B. stomata.

Our diet must include three types of food: energy foods, body-building foods and maintenance foods. The main energy foods are carbohydrates and

a. Fats
b. proteins
c. vitamins
d. minerals

A. Fats

Vitamins help to control chemical reactions in our bodies. Without vitamins certain reactions cannot take place. We need only tiny amounts of vitamins, but without them we will suffer from deficiency diseases, like the lack of vitamin D will lead to

a. Beriberi
b. rickets
c. scurvy
d. night blindness

B. rickets

The heart pumps blood around the body through a system of tubes called blood vessels. Which blood vessels carry blood back to the heart?

a. Arteries
b. capillaries
c. veins
d. cartilage

C. veins

What is the function of the white blood cells?

a. To carry nerve impulses to the brain
b. To produce hormones to clot the blood
c. To transport oxygen to the cells
d. To destroy bacteria in the body

D. To destroy bacteria in the body

What is the function of the excretory system?

a. To get rid of undigested food from the body
b. To remove harmful waste produced by the body
c. To take in oxygen and transport it to the cells
d. To control all the organs of the body

B. To remove harmful waste produced by the body

In a species of pea plant, white flowers were completely dominant over red flowers. Pure-breeding, white-flowered pea plants are crossed with pure breeding, red-flowered pea plants. What proportion of white- and red-colored plants will be produced in theF1 generation?

a. All white-flowered plants
b. All red-flowered plants
c. A 3:1 ratio of white-flowered plants to red-flowered plants
d. A 3:1 ratio of red-flowered plants to white-flowered plants

A. All white-flowered plants

Of the following parts of a cell, which one is the smallest in size?

a. Amino acid
b. Chromosome
c. gene
d. nucleu

A. Amino acid

The most abundant substance in the protoplasm is _______.

a. Fat
b. protein
c. carbohydrate
d. water

D → in various living things, water makes up from 65% to 90% of the protoplasm.

The site of the majority of photosynthesis in a leaf is the _____.

a. Spongy layer
b. cuticle
c. epidermis
d. palisade layer

D → The palisade layer has cells that are packed together and serves for most photosynthesis. The spongy layer is a site for gas exchange. The cuticle and epidermis are for protection.

Muscle may be controlled or may work without conscious thought. The muscle type(s) considered involuntary is (are) ______.

a. Smooth
b. skeletal
c. skeletal and cardiac
d. cardiac and smooth

D → Both smooth and cardiac are not controlled by thought but by autonomic system. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones and are controlled by an individual consciously.

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that ______.

a. Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells, while mitosis produces only 2 daughter cells.
b. The chromosome number remains the same in meiosis, but is halved during mitosis.
c. Meiosis produces identical daughter cells, but mitosis produces daughter cells that are genetically different.
d. Meiosis occurs in somatic cells, while mitosis occurs in sex cells.

A → Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells each with half of the original chromosome number. Meiosis occurs only in sex cells, producing sperm and eggs, and since the chromosome number is half the parent cell, these cells are genetically different from the original parent cell.

A root may perform all of the following functions except _______.

a. Anchorage
b. absorption of water
c. photosynthesis
d. storage

C → A root does not contain chlorophyll and so is unable to carry on photosynthesis.

Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor that will determine which animals or plants inhabit an environment?

a. The acidity of a lake near a factory.
b. The high daytime temperatures and low night time temperature
c. Berry plants growing in abundance at the edge of a forest
d. The amount of oxygen present in the water or a pond.

C → The only biotic or living factor among the choices is option 3. The others are abiotic factors affecting the ability of an organism to inhabit the area. Birds and small mammals feeding on berries will most likely thrive in areas teeming with berry plants.

Which of the following is the best description of the pyramid of energy?

a. The base of the pyramid consists of producers which supply the most energy
b. The base of the pyramid consists of the highest consumers who need the most energy
c. The top of the pyramid consists of the producers which supply the most energy
d. The top of the pyramid consists of the highest consumers who need the most energy

A → The base consists of the producers that supply the most energy. As one moves up the pyramid, energy is lost. Found at the top are the highest consumers who have lost energy from the pyramid in the form of heat and unavailable chemical energy.

The breathing rate is increased by an increase in the content of ________.

a. Oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. CO2
d. H2O (vapor)

C → An increased in the amount of CO2 in the blood stimulates the cells of the medulla to send impulses to the diaphragm and the rib muscles, causing them to contract and expand more rapidly. The breathing rate then increases.

That evolution has occurred is now generally accepted as a doctrine rather than a theory because

a. There is ample evidence that species have changed over the year
b. Darwin received a posthumous Nobel Prize for his book on natural selection
c. Uranium-lead studies have traced the history of the horse
d. It is now certain that the earth is at least 4B years old.

A → The doctrine refers to a theory based on carefully worked out principles and taught or advocated by its adherents. Evolution is now a doctrine because evidence from various fields has convinced its adherents of its validity. Some of these fields are paleontology, heredity, embryology, and physiology.

Of the following terms, which one includes the others?

a. Class
b. order
c. phylum
d. family

C → In the system of classification, of the groups (taxons) mentioned the largest is the phylum, followed by class, order, family. KPCOFGS

A protozoan causes the disease malaria in a human host. This relationship illustrates

a. Mutualism
b. Commensalism
c. Parasitism
d. Predation

C → Parasitism is a symbiotic association of two kinds or organisms in which the parasite is benefited while the host is usually harmed.

Viruses are not considered free-living because

a. Their cells lack cytoplasm.
b. Their cells contain DNA.
c. They are too small to be seen by light microscopy.
d. They cannot reproduce outside a living cell

D → Viruses are not considered free-living since they cannot reproduce outside of a living cell; they have evolved to transmit their genetic information from one cell to another for the purpose of replication.

Some organisms living in a garden include dragonflies, bugs, roses, grasshoppers, grasses, worms, and spiders. Collectively, these organisms represent a __________.

a. Biome
b. Community
c. Habitat
d. Population

B → A community refers to the population of different species living in a particular habitat and interacting with each other.

Green algae are able to manufacture their own food because _________.

a. They live in water.
b. They attach themselves to plants.
c. They have chlorophyll.
d. They are the most immediate relatives of green plants.

C → The chlorophyll is the green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. It is essential to the photosynthetic process.

All of the following are examples of a reflex except __________.

a. Sneezing
b. Blinking
c. Coughing
d. Reading

D → Sneezing, blinking, and coughing are reflexes because there is no thought involved in them. Reading, on the other hand, is a deliberate activity that involves a lot of thinking.

Which of the following is a disease caused by bacteria?

a. Polio
b. Smallpox
c. Rabies
d. Tetanus

D → A tetanus is caused a bacilli. The other diseases mentioned are caused by viruses.

The greenhouse effect is caused by the increase in the _____.

a. Number of green houses
b. Number of green plants worldwide
c. Amount of CO2 in the air
d. Amount of O2 in the atmosphere

C → The greenhouse effect is the warming of the earth and its lower atmosphere caused by trapped solar radiation. This is brought about by the increasing amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Like the glass if a greenhouse, CO2 allows sunlight to pass through the Earth. As the Earth is warmed by the sunlight, it gives off infrared rays that are absorbed by the CO2 in the atmosphere, instead of being given off into space.

In binomial nomenclature scheme, only ______ and ______ are used to name an organism.

a. Genus and Species
b. Kingdom and phylum
c. class and order
d. family ad genus

A → ex. Home sapiens (Man)

Any biological agent that causes disease is called _____.

a. Host
b. bacteria
c. pathogen
d. mushroom

C → mushroom "umbrella-shaped fungus"

Which bacteria is globular-shaped?

a. Bacillus
b. coccus
c. spirochetes
d. AOT

C → Bacillus "rod-shaped bacteria" Coccus "spherical or nearly spherical"

Water is transported from the roots to the leaves by _____.

a. Phloem
b. xylem
c. sieve tubes
d. bark

B → Phloem is responsible for the transport of food. Sieve tube is a sap-conducting tube within the phloem tissue of a plant. Sieve tube cells carry plant nutrients. Bark is the rough outer covering of the stem of woody trees or bushes.

It refers to the arrangement of the veins in the leaf.

a. Venation
b. Coloration
c. Separation
d. Adaptation

a. Venation

Trees that lose all their leaves at the end of a growing season in temperature regions are called _____.

a. Savannah
b. Tundra
c. Coniferous
d. Deciduous

d. Deciduous

The growth of plants toward light is called

a. Hydrotropism
b. geotropism
c. Phototropism
d. Negative tropism

c. Phototropism

Fluke: Class Trematoda :: Tapeworm: Class _____.

a. Cestoda
b. Nematoda
c. Annelida
d. Rotifera

a. Cestoda

The process of shedding exoskeleton is called ______.

a. Melting
b. Chitin
c. Molting
d. Metamorphosis

c. Molting

_______ is a term used to describe methods of introducing new genes into an organism.

a. Genetic eng'r
b. recombinant DNA
c. Hybridization
d. Genetics

a. Genetic eng'r

. _______ is the process of bone formation.

a. Oogenesis
b. ossification
c. peristalsis
d. Phagoaxtosis

b. ossification

An excretory organ that filters the waste from the blood.

a. Kidney
b. Liver
c. Stomach
d. Intestine

a. Kidney