[MYCOVIRO] INTRO AND GEN CHARAC OF FUNGI

Mykes

Mycology is derived from the Greek Word ____ meaning mushroom.

Genetic Materials

Biological Properties

Taxonomy

Clinical Significance

Mycology is the study of fungi, including their:

Multicellular Fungi

In Mycology Terms:

Moulds are _____.

Single-Cell Fungi

In Mycology Terms:

Yeasts are _____.

Fungal Infection

In Mycology Terms:

Mycosis

Multi-organ Infection

In Mycology Terms:

Systemic Mycosis

Fungal infection that invades the immunocompromised patient

In Mycology Terms:

Opportunistic Mycosis

2 Phases: Yeast and Mold

In Mycology Terms:

Dimorphic Fngi

Capable of living decaying organic matter

In Mycology Terms:

Saprobe

Eukaryotic

Chemotrophic Organisms

Saprophytes

Sexual/Asexual

Aerobic: Obligate or Facultative

Slow Grower

Non-Motile

Resemble higher plants but lack chlorophyll

General Features of Fungi

Grow at Lower pH

Grown in High Salt Content

Metabolized Complex

How Fungi are Nourished

Chitin

Cell Walls of Fungi are made of ___.

Ergosterol

Cytoplasmic membrane of Fungi contains ____ for structure.

3 to 4 weeks

Time for Fungi to grow (culture)

Fluffy/Cottony/Woolly/Powdery

Molds produced ______ colonies

Thallus

Term for body of fungi

Hyphae

Term for the thalli of mold that are long, branched, tubular filaments

Mycelium

Formed by groups of Hyphae that are packed together

Hyphae

Tubular Cells with Cell Walls

Yeasts

Yeast-like Fungi

Molds

Dimorphic Fungi

Classification of Fungi

Yeasts

Unicellular fungi which reproduce by budding

Smooth, Creamy

Appearance of yeast colonies when cultured

Cryptococcus neoformans

Example of Yeast

India Ink

Stain used Yeasts

Yeast-like Colonies

Grow partly as yeasts and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae

Pseudohyphae

Elongated cells resembling hyphae

Candida albicans

Example of Yeast-Like Colonies

Molds/Filamentous Fungi

Form true mycelia and reproduce by formation of different type of spores

Dimorphic Fungi

Occurs in 2 forms

25℃ (Soil)

Temperature for Molds (Filaments)

37℃ (Host Tissue)

Temperature for Yeast

Histoplasma capsulatum

Blastomyces dermatidis

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Coccidioides immitis

Penicillium marneffei

Sprotothric schenkii

Examples of Dimorphic Fungi

Sporothrix schenkii

Dimorphic Fungi that causes Gardener’s Disease due to being pricked by rose thorns

Hyphae

Long, branching, filaments that come together to form the mycelium.

Septate Hyphae

Type of Hyphae:

Have cellula seperation or cross walls

Living organism range in diameter from 3 to 6 um

Sparsely Septate Hyphae (Aseptate)

Type of Hyphae:

Contains few if any cellular separations.

Range in diameter from 5 to 15 um.

Also it is also referred as “coenocytic” due to lack of cross-walls.

Type of Hyphae:

A chain of cells formed by budding that resembles true hyphae.

Constricted at the septa, form branches that begin with septations, and have terminal cells smaller than other cells

Vegetative Hyphae

Hyphae that is used for food absorption and extends below the agar

Aerial Hyphae

Hyphae that supports reproductive structure and extend above the agar

Conidia

Reproductive structure of fungi

Sporulation

Formation of Spores

Germination

Process in which an organism grows from seed or spores

Arthroconidia

Blastoconidia

Chlamydoconida

Poroconidia

Phialoconidia

Annelloconidia

Types of Conidia

Arthroconidia

Conidia resulting from fragmentation of hyphae into individual cells.

3 to 5 um

Sizes of Arthroconidia

Coccidioides immitis

Coccidioides posadasii

Examples of Arthroconidia

Causes San Joaquin Valley Fever or Coccidioidomycosis

Blastoconidia

Conidia formed by buds coming off from the parent cell

Candida albicans

Cryptococcus (Yeasy Stage)

Examples of Blastoconidia

Chlamydoconidia

Conidia that results from terminal cells in the hyphae that enlarge and have thick walls.

Poroconidia

Conidia formed by being pushed through a small pore in the parent cell.

Phialoconidia

Tube shaped conidia that can be branched

Annelloconidia

These are vase-shaped conidia; the remaining parent outer cell wall takes on a saw-toothed appearance as the conidia release.

Perfect Fungi

Fungi that undergo sexual reproduction are termed as ____.

Acospore

Spores that contained sac-like structures called ascus.

Basidiospores

Spores contained in a club-shaped structure. This structure is formed due to Basidiomycetes fusion wherein Base/Basidium fuses with Basidiospore.

Oospores

Spores resulting from the fusion of cells from 2 different hyphae.

Zygospores

Spores resulting from the fusion of cells from 2 identical hyphae

Plasmogamy

Karyogamy

Meiosis

Phases of Development in Sexual Spore Production

Karyogamy

In Phases of Development in Sexual Spore Production:

A haploid nucleus (donor cell) penetrates the cytoplasm of a recipient cell.

Karyogamy

In Phases of Development in Sexual Spore Production:

Two haploid nuclei fuse to form a single diploid nuclei.

Meiosis

In Phases of Development in Sexual Spore Production:

Diploid nuclei give rise to haploid nuclei

Imperfect Fungi

Fungi that undergo asexual reproduction

Blastospores

Arthrospores or oidia

Chlamydospores

Example of Thallospores

Source of Food

Used in Fermentation

Antibiotic Production

Useful properties of Fungi

Grow in medium that selects for fungal growth

KOH preparations of skin biopsis

Therapy - Amphotericin B or Ketoconazole

Diagnosis or Treatment Fungi