N5 Biology

Function of Cytoplasm

Site of chemical reactions

Function of Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis

Function of Nucleus

Controls cell activities

Function of Mitochondria

Site of Respiration

Function of Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Function of Cell Wall

Supports and protects the cell

Function of Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis

Function of Vacuole

Contains cell sap

Is bacterial cell wall composed of cellulose

No

Identify structure X

Identify Structure Y

Plasmid

Identify Structure W

Flagellum

What is the cell wall of a fungal cell made of

chitin

Does fungal cells have chloroplasts

No

Describe two differences between a Plant cell and an Animal cell

One difference between a plant and an Animal cell is that plant cells have cell wall but animal cells doesn’t
Another difference between a plant and an animal cell is that plant cell have chloroplasts but animal cells doesn’t

What is the cell membrane often described as?

The cell membrane is often described as being selective permeable

What does selective permeable mean?

It means that it only allows some molecules to enter and exit the cell

What are the two different ways of passive transport?

Diffusion and Osmosis

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Active transport requieres energy to take place but passive transport doesn’t

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a high concentration area to a low concentration area down a concentration gradient

What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to a low water concentration area through a selective permeable membrane down a concentration gradient.

What would happen if water molecules go inside a animal cell?

The cell may burst

What would happen if water molecules move out of an animal cell?

The cell may shrivel and shrink

What would happen if a plant cell is placed in a high water concentration solution?

The cell vacuole swells and the cell is said to be Turgid

What would happen if a plant cell is placed in a low water concentration solution?

The cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall, the vacuole shrinks and the cell is said to be Plasmolised

What is active transport

Active transport is the movement of molecules and ions from a low concentration area to a high concentration area against a concentration gradient

What matches with Adenine

Thymine

What matches with Cytosine

Guanine

What are proteins made from

Proteins are made from chains of amino acids

What is the small section of DNA that codes for a protein?

Gene

What is the structure of DNA

Double stranded helix (held by complementary base pairs)

What does mRNA

Messenger RNA

What is mRNA

mRNA is a molecule which carries a complementary copy of the genetic code from the DNA, in the nucleus, to a ribosome, where the protein is assembled from amino acids

What is the cell membrane made of?

Proteins and Phospholipids

Percentage change formula

(final-original)/original*100

What are proteins assembled from?

Proteins are assembled from free amino acids in the cytoplasm in structures called ribosomes

Where can amino acids be found?

In the cytoplasm

What does the order of the bases of the mRNA strand code for?

A specific amino acid

Example of a substance moved through the cell membrane by Diffusion

Oxigen or Carbon Dioxide

Example of a substance moved through the cell membrane by Osmosis

Water

Example of a substance moved through the cell membrane by Active trasnport

Sodium, Potassium

Types of proteins

Structural

Hormones

Antibodies

Receptors

Enzymes

Transport

Structure of Structural proteins

Fibrious

Structure of Enzymes

Globular

Structure of Hormones

Globular

Structure of Antibodies

Globular

Structure of Receptor Proteins

Globular

Identify 1

Enzyme

Identify 2

Active Site

Identify 3

Substrate

Identify 4

Enzyme/Substrate complex

Identify 5

Product

What is an enzyme?

An enzyme is a biological catalyst found in all living cells, that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy and remains unchangeable.

What is the substance that acts on an enzyme called?

The substance an enzyme acts on is called a substrate

Where does the substrate bind up with the enzyme

In the active site

What happens in degradation

One substrate joins with the complementary enzyme to form two smaller products

What is the substrate for Catalase and what product(s) are form?

Hydrogen Peroxide to form Oxygen and water

What happens in synthesis?

Two (smaller) substrates join with the complementary enzyme to build up a bigger product

How is the temperature/pH at which an enzyme is most active known as?

Optimum tempetature/pH

What will happen at high temperatures?

The enzyme will denature

What happens if the enzyme is denatured?

If the enzyme is denatured the substrate can no longer fit into the active site