CE 3310 Exam 2

What do extension cords fall under?

Temporary wiring (separate standard for flexible cords and cables)

If the extension cord is longer...

the voltage drops more

max length of Ext. cord

100 ft

Heavy Duty Extension Cords need what?

UL Rating

Sloping and Benching max depth?

20 ft

what soil type can you not bench?

Type C

max slope for type A?

3/4:1

max slope for type B?

1:1

max slope for type C?

1 1/2:1

Duration of activity is determined by what?

scope of work, resources available, working conditions, work calendar, method of construction, quantities of work, method of execution

Duration calculation

Total quantity/production rate (units/time period = PR)

Types of scheduling diagrams

Bar Charts

Activity Models

Precedence Diagrams

common logical relationships

Finish to Start

Start to Start

Finish to Finish

Lag

delay before the following activity

forward pass rule

max finish time takes precedence

backward pass rule

minimum late start time takes precedence

total float

amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the COMPLETION OF THE PROJECT

total float calculation

Late Finish - Early Finish

free float

amount of time the finish of an activity can be delayed without delaying the START OF A FOLLOWING ACTIVITY

free float calculation

minimum start time of following activity - early finish time of current

Crashing(AKA, Schedule Compression; AKA Schedule Expediting)

adjusting network logic or shortening the durations of activities on the critical path to reduce the overall project timeline, COSTS MONEY TO CRASH

types of crashing

parallel vs. sequence

ways to crash activities

work multiple shifts

work scheduled overtime

use larger or more productive equipment

increase the number of workers

use alternate construction methods or materials

What can be crashed?

the critical path

cofferdams

A temporary watertight enclosure erected to prevent water from seeping into an area, allowing construction to take place in the water-free space.

cofferdam risks

contamination, electrical risk, injuries, structural risk, flooding, 'overtopping;\'

cofferdam risk prevention

OSHA regulations, daily inspection, shoring/bracing, life vests, monitoring seepage, erosion, supports, ingress/egress, checking oxygen levels

Confined space safety

should NOT be continually occupied, need a CONFINED SPACE PERMIT, barrier surrounding entry way, attendant to monitor space while someone is inside

types of rescue

entry vs non-entry

confined space hazards

atmospheric (low oxygen, toxic air)

biological (decaying plant/animal matter)

physical (low light, equipment)

positioning (areas tapering off)

compaction methods

impact (sharp blow), static weight (pressure), vibration (shaking), kneading (manipulation)

smooth drum

sheep's foot drum

pad foot drum

tamping foot drum

pneumatic (rubber-tired) drum

rammer portable compactor

vibrating plate compactor

what type of soil would a sheeps-foot drum be used on

more cohesive soil (clay, sand/clay)

what type would a smooth drum/padded drum/vibratory drum be used on

granular soil (rock, sand, sand/clay)

what type of soil would a tamping drum be used on?

cohesive (sand,sand/clay,clay)

what type of soil would a pneumatic drum be used on?

cohesive (clayey sand, clay)

motor graders

used for precise grading, shaping, and maintaining site surfaces. They create smooth, accurate slopes (important in HIGHWAY and site development)

outriggers

counterweights that hold a crane down

wheeled crane (mobile)

tracked crane (mobile)

A-Frame crane

topless crane (tower)

clamshell crane

dragline crane

hydraulic boom crane

lattice boom crane

key factors that affect construction operations

labor efficiency

site layout

safety

environmental controls

equipment selection

production calculation

output/time period = (units/cycle)*(cycles/time period)

what determines the amount of MATERIAL carried?

volume, capacity, and weight capacity (recommended operating weight)

Struck Capacity vs Heaped Capacity

perfectly filled vs 'over' filled

what determines NUMBER OF CYCLES PER HOUR?

cycle time, efficiency/production hour

bank cubic yard

undisturbed ground

you are PAID in BCY

loose cubic yard

1 LCY > 1 CY

LCY is HAULED IN

compact cubic yard

1 CCY < 1 CY

CCY is FINISHED/FILLED IN

3 methods to convert between CYs

unit weights, load factors and shrinkage factors, percent swell/shrinkage

convert 1.0 BCY that is 3000 lb to if LCY is 2500 lb

3000 lb/BCY

2500 lb/LCY = 3000 lb/1.2 LCY

so, 3000/2500 = 1.2 LCY/BCY

convert 1.0 BCY that is 3000 lb to CCY if there is 0.9 CCY

3000 lb/BCY

3000/0.9 CCY = 3333.33 lb/CCY

so, 3000/3333.33 = 0.9 CCY/BCY

load factor

LFxVolume of LCY = Volume of BCY

LF is ratio of BCY V to LCY V

Shrinkage factor

SFxVolume of BCY = Volume of CCY

find LF if 1.0 BCY and 1.2 LCY

LF = 1.0/1.2 = 0.833

find SF if 1.0 BCY and 0.9 CCY

SF = 0.9/1.0 = 0.9

Percent Swell (Sw)

((Sw/100)+1)* volume of BCY = V of LCY

Percent Shrinkage (Sh)

(1-(Sh/100))* V of BCY = V of CCY

what is the typical cycle for hauling?

load - > haul - > dump - > return

what factors determine the time for the various cycle time components?

size of hauler/loader, speed of travel, distance to haul, power required, power available, power usable

power available

total engine output

power required

energy needed to overcome resistance and move load

power usable

portion of output that can be delivered to propel machine

power required factors

incline, how much you're hauling, altitude, surface

factors that influence rigging/lifting

load weight, center of gravity, sling selection, angle of lift, working load limit

all lifting activities must be directed by...

a QUALIFIED RIGGER

balanced site

all cut/fill soil is present on site

import/export projects

dirt needs to be hauled in/away (surplus for too much LCY, shortage for LCY needed)

SWPP

Stormwater Prevention Plan

what type of permit is needed for a SWPP

EPA Construction General Permit

what does a SWPP need to do?

identify potential pollutant sources

describe BMPs

include site maps and drainage patterns

outline inspection and maintenance

be signed by operator

each state operates its own...

NPDES program under EPA authorization

Triple bottom line of construction impact/sustainability

social, environmental, financial/economical

daily log

internal document that records day to day activites/conditions, NOT a diary. record normal and abnormal, hours worked

why is a daily log needed

to study long term job site patters, formal record, can be used to develop an as-built schedule, may be needed to settle a dispute

sustainable factors/impacts

site erosion, site disturbance, tree/shrub preservation, mitigating the Heat Island Effect and bird strikes

resiliency and our infrastructure

"heart of civil engineering"

basic physical and organizational structures/facilities needed for operation of a society/enterprise