AP World History - Unit 6

Imperialism

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

King Leopold II

the Belgian king who opened up the African interior to European trade along the Congo River and by 1884 controlled the area known as the Congo Free State.

Dutch East India Company

Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies.

Direct Resistance

a refusal to act - not doing what the enemy wants.

Tupac Amaru

The last Inca emperor; in the 1780s, a Native American rebellion against Spanish control of Peru took place in his name.

Yaa Asantewaa

queen of the Asantes that led the fight against the British in the last Asante war, took power after the king was exiled

1857 Rebellion

Indian Mutiny, also called Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence, widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857-59.

Sokoto Caliphate

large Muslim state founded in 1809 in what is now northern Nigeria.

Cherokee Nation

Native American tribe that was forced to leave their land because of the Indian Removal Act

Zulu Kingdom

A monarchy in Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to Pongola River in the north.

Ghost Dance

A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. The Ghost Dance led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens. It did little good.

Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement

Pivotal movement that broke the ushered in a new era of colonial expansion and domination of South Africa by the British. Thought it would bring back ancient chiefs and ancestors.

Mahdist Revolt

In 1882 in a revolution led by Muhammad Ahmad, 1881 had proclaimed himself the Mahdi, the person who, according to an Islamic tradition, would rid the world of evil on September 2, 1898. The Anglo-Egyptian victory brought about the complete collapse

export economy

A type of economy in which goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use

Economic Imperialism

Independent but less developed nations controlled by private business interests rather than by other governments.

Opium War

War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories; the victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China.

Convict labor

A system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States, beginning after the emancipation of slaves at the end of the American Civil War in 1865 to about around 1880, and officially ending in the last state, Alabama, in 1928.

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States

White Australia Policy

A policy that intentionally restricted non-white immigration to Australia

Samory Toure

leader of Malinke peoples in West Africa who formed an army that fought against French for 15 years and proclaimed himself king of Guinea

Sino-Japanese War

war between China and Japan in which Japan gained Taiwan

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Settler Colonies

Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America.

Berlin Conference

A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa. No Africans were invited

Boer War

Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.

Afrikaners

South Africans descended from Dutch and French settlers of the seventeenth century. Their Great Trek founded new settler colonies in the nineteenth century. Though a minority among South Africans, they held political power after 1910.

Sphere of Influence

A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.

Taiping Rebellion

a mid-19th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China, led by Hong Xiuquan

Boxer Rebellion

1899 rebellion in Beijing, China started by a secret society of Chinese who opposed the "foreign devils". The rebellion was ended by British troops.

French Indochina

Area of southeast Asia controlled by France during Imperialism. Includes Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam.

Siam

The Kingdom of _____, known today as Thailand, remained relatively independent during through the nineteenth century because they served as a buffer between the colonies of Britain and France in Indochina.

penal colony

a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison

Treaty of Waitangi

The treaty signed by the British and Maori in 1840 giving Britain control over New Zealand.

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

Spanish-American War

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence

Roosevelt Corollary

1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force

The Great Game

Used to describe the rivalry and strategic conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire before WWI.

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Seypoys

Indian troops

Philippine-American War

armed conflict between the Philippines and the United States from 1899-1902. It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare. Villages were destroyed, civilians were murdered, and prisoners were tortured. The war ended when Aguinaldo surrendered in 1902.

Aboriginal people

People who migrated to Australia from Asia at least 40,000 years ago; the original settlers of the land.

Maori

indigenous people of New Zealand

Pan-Africanism

A movement that stressed unity among all Africans

Cecil Rhodes

Born in 1853, played a major political and economic role in colonial South Africa. He was a financier, statesman, and empire builder with a philosophy of mystical imperialism.

Apartheid

a policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race. Used in South Africa

Banana Republic

Term used to describe a Central American nation dominated by United States business interests

Indentured Servants

People who could not afford passage to the colonies could become indentured servants. Another person would pay their passage, and in exchange, the indentured servant would serve that person for a set length of time (usually seven years) and then would be free.

Diaspora

A dispersion of people from their homeland

ethnic enclave

a small area occupied by a distinctive minority culture