ANAT Muscles to Memories OIA

Origin, Insertion, Actions

Occipitofrontalis (frontal, occipital belly)

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - control eyebrows and scalp

Temporoparietalis Muscle

O - skull bones

I - skin

superficial to temporalis muscle

Orbicularis Oculi 

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - close eyes 

Orbicularis Oris 

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - purse lips 

Auricularis Posterior/Anterior

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - control of ears

Buccinator

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - control cheeks

Levator labii superioris 

Zygomaticus major, minor 

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - elevate upper lip 

(3)

Depressor labii inferioris

Depressor anguli oris

Mentalis

O - skull bones

I - skin

A - depress lower lip

Eye movement left and right

Lateral rectus

Medial rectus

Eye movement upper medial lower lateral

Superior rectus

Inferior oblique 

eye movement upper lateral lower medial

Superior oblique 

Inferior rectus 

Eye movement up and down

Superior rectus + oblique

Inferior rectus + oblique

Digastric

O temporal 

I mandible 

A1 depress mandible

A2 elevate hyoid 

Lateral Pterygoid

O sphenoid

I mandible

A1 protract mandible

A2 depress mandible

Temporalis

O temporal

I mandible

A elevate mandible

Masseter 

O zygomatic arch 

I mandible 

Agonist of elevate mandible 

Medial Pterygoid

O sphenoid/maxilla/pterygoid

I mandible

A1 elevate mandible

A2 retract mandible

Geniohyoid

O mandible (chin)

I hyoid

A1 elevate hyoid

A2 depress mandible

Mylohyoid 

O mandible (near molars) 

I hyoid 

A1 elevate hyoid  

A2 depress mandible

Stylohyoid 

O temporal (styloid process) 

I hyoid 

A1 elevate hyoid 

A2 depress mandible 

Suprahyoid muscles

geniohyoid

mylohyoid

stylohyoid

Omohyoid

O scapula

I hyoid

A depress hyoid

Sternohyoid 

O sternum 

I hyoid 

A depress hyoid 

Sternothyroid

O sternum

I larynx (thyroid cartilage)

A depress hyoid

Infrahyoid muscles 

omohyoid

sternohyoid

sternothyroid 

Sternocleidomastoid

O sternum, clavicle

I temporal (mastoid process)

A head/neck flexion + rotation

Anterior scalene 

O ribs 1-2

I cervicals 3-6

A1 lateral head/neck movement 

A2 respiration 

Medial Scalene

O ribs 1-2

I cervicals 2-7

A1 lateral head/neck movement

A2 respiration

Posterior Scalene

O ribs 1-2

I cervicals 5-7

A1 lateral head/neck movement

A2 respiration

Splenius (Capitis)

O cervical 7, thoracics 1-4

I temporal (mastoid process), occipital

A extend vertebral column

Semispinalis (Capitis) 

O cervicals 4-7, thoracics 1-7 

I occipital 

A agonist for neck for extend vertebral column 

Superior Trapezius

O occipital bone, upper neck

I clavicle (pulls from above)

A agonist elevate scapula

Middle Trapezius

O cervical 7, thoracics 1-3

I scapula (pulls from midline)

A retract scapula

Inferior Trapezius 

O thoracics 4-12 

I scapula (pull from below) 

A rotate, depress scapula 

Latissimus dorsi

O aponeurosis attached to thoracics 7-12, ilium (pelvis), ribs 10-12

I humerus

A humeral extension, adduction, medial rotation

Levator scapulae

O cervicals 1-4

I scapula

A elevate scapula (synergist to superior trapezius)

Intertransversarii 

O transverse processes

I transverse processes

A fine flexion btwn vertebrae 

Rotatores

O transverse processes

I transverse/spinous processes

A fine rotation of vertebrae

Interspinales 

O spinous processes

I spinous processes 

A fine extension btwn vertebrae 

Erector Spinae

O, I vertebrae, ribs (erector spinae aponeurosis)

A extend vertebral column (agonist for non neck)

Pectoralis Major

O anterior midline (clavicle, sternum)

I proximal end humerus

A agonist for flexion, adduction, medial rotation of humerus

Pectoralis Minor 

O anterior of ribs 2-5

I scapula (coracoid process) 

A depress + protract scapula 

Serratus anterior

O ribs 1-8

I scapula (medial/anterior border)

A protract + rotate scapula

Diaphragm

O sternum (xiphoid), lumbars, ribs 11-12, costal cartilages 7-10

I central tendon

A contraction pulls diaphragm tight, pressure change of thoracic + abdominal cavities

External intercostals 

O, I adjoining ribs 

A elevate ribs during inspiration/inhalation 

Internal intercostals

O, I adjoining ribs 

A depress ribs for forced exhalation

Innermost intercostals

O, I adjoining ribs 

A depress ribs for forced exhalation innermost

Quadratus Lumborum 

O ilium, ribs 5-10 

I ribs 12, lumbars 1-4

A bending laterally 

Internal + External Obliques

O ribs 5-12, ilium

I ribs 7-11, linea alba, ilium

A twisting + bending at waist

Transversus Abdominis

O ilium, ribs 5-10

I sternum, linea alba, pubis

A squeeze abdomen, increase pressure in abdominal (+thoracic) cavity

Rectus Abdominis 

O pubis 

I sternum, ribs 5 and 7 

A bending forward, sitting up 

Deltoid

O clavicle (lateral part) and scapula (acromion and spine)

I humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

A abduction (agonist), flexion, extension and lateral/medial rotation of humerus

Supraspinatus

O scapula (supraspinous fossa)

I humerus (greater tubercle)

A abduction of humerus (part of rotator cuff - stabilize humerus)

Rotator cuff muscles 

Supraspinatus 

Subscapularis 

Infraspinatus 

Teres minor 

Pectoralis major and Latissimus dorsi

co-agonists of adduction of shoulder (2)

Teres major

O scapula (inferior angle)

I humerus (intertubercular sulcus)

A adduction and medial rotation of humerus

Subscapularis 

O scapula (subscapular fossa) 

I humerus (lesser tubercle) 

A medial rotation and adduction of humerus (part of rotator cuff - stabilize humerus) 

Coracobrachialis

O scapula (coracoid process)

I humerus (medial side of shaft)

A flexion and adduction of humerus

Pectoralis major

Subscapularis

Teres Major

Deltoid

muscles involved in medial rotation of humerus (4)

Deltoid

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Rhomboid Minor

Rhomboid Major

muscles involved in lateral rotation of humerus (5)

Infraspinatus

O scapula (infraspinous fossa)

I humerus (greater tubercle)

A lateral rotation of humerus (part of rotator cuff - stabilizes humerus)

Teres minor

O scapula (lateral border)

I humerus (greater tubercle)

A lateral rotation of humerus (part of rotator cuff - stabilizes humerus)

Rhomboid minor

O cervical 7 and thoracic 1

I scapula (medial border)

A retract and rotate scapula

Rhomboid major 

O thoracics 2-5

I scapula (medial border) 

A retract and rotate scapula 

Pectoralis major (co-agonist) 

Latissimus dorsi (co-agonist) 

Coracobrachialis

Muscles involved in flexion of the shoulder (3) 

Latissimus dorsi (agonist)

Teres major

Deltoid

Pectoralis major

Muscles involved in extension of the shoulder (4)

Biceps brachii

O scapula (coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle)

I radius (radial tuberosity)

A flexion of elbow (agonist) and supination of forearm

Brachialis

O humerus (distal end) 

I ulna (coronoid process and tuberosity) 

A flexion of elbow 

Brachioradialis

O humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge)

I radius (styloid process)

A flexion of elbow

Triceps brachii

O scapula and humerus

I ulna (olecranon process)

A extension of elbow

Anconeus 

O humerus (lateral epicondyle) 

I ulna (olecranon process) 

A extension and stabilization of elbow 

Supinator

O ulna (supinator crest) and humerus (lateral epicondyle)

I radius (proximal end)

A supination of forearm

Pronator teres 

O humerus (medial epicondyle) and ulna (coronoid process) 

I radius (lateral side of shaft) 

A pronation of forearm 

flexor carpi radialis

O humerus (medial epicondyle)

I metacarpal 2

A flexion and abduction of wrist

flexor carpi ulnaris 

O ulna (olecranon) and humerus (medial epicondyle) 

I pisiform, hamate, metacarpal 5 

A flexion and adduction of wrist 

palmaris longus

O humerus (medial epicondyle)

I palmar aponeurosis

A flexion of wrist

extensor carpi ulnaris

O humerus (lateral epicondyle) and ulna (posterior face)

I metacarpal 5

A extension and adduction of wrist

extensor carpi radialis longus

O humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge)

I metacarpal 2 

A extension and abduction of wrist 

extensor carpi radialis brevis

O humerus (lateral epicondyle)

I metacarpal 3

A extension and abduction of wrist

extensor pollicis brevis

O radius (posterior side) and interosseous membrane

I proximal phalanx of thumb

A extension of thumb

flexor pollicis longus 

O radius (anterior end) and interosseous membrane 

I distal phalanx of thumb

A flexion of thumb joint 

flexor pollicis brevis

O trapezium and flexor retinaculum 

I proximal phalanx of thumb 

A flexion of thumb-metacarpal joint 

opponens pollicis

O trapezium and flexor retinaculum

I metacarpal 1

abductor pollicis brevis

O carpals and flexor retinaculum

I proximal phalanx of thumb

A abduction of thumb

abductor pollicis longus 

O radius, ulna, interosseous membrane 

I metacarpal 1 

A abduction of thumb 

adductor pollicis

O metacarpals 2 and 3

I proximal phalanx of thumb

A adduction of thumb

abductor digiti minimi

O pisiform

I proximal phalanx of little finger

A abduction of little finger (relative to palm)

flexor digiti minimi brevis 

O carpal and flexor retinaculum 

I proximal phalanx of little finger 

A flexion of little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint 

opponens digiti minimi

O hamate and flexor retinaculum

I metacarpal 5

A opposition of little finger (relative to thumb) functions as adduction 

dorsal interossei

O sides of metacarpals

I bones of fingers 2-4

A for fingers 2-4 abduction of fingers and extension at finger joints

extensor digitorum

O humerus

I middle and distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

A extension of fingers, secondary: extension of wrist and elbow

lumbrical muscles 

O palm - tendons of flexor digitorum profundus 

I first phalanges of fingers 

A 1. flexion of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint 2. extension of each finger at interphalangeal joints 

flexor digitorum profundus

O ulna and interosseous membrane

I distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

A flexion of fingers 2-5, secondary: flexion of wrist

flexor digitorum superficialis

O humerus, radius, ulna

I middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

A flexion of fingers 2-5, secondary: flexion of wrist

psoas major

O thoracic 12 and lumbars 1-5

I femur (lesser trochanter)

A femur and trunk flexion, co-agonist of hip flexion

iliacus

O ilium (iliac fossa)

I femur (lesser trochanter)

A femur flexion, (co-agonist of hip flexion)

pectineus 

O pubis (pectineal line) 

I femur (pectineal line) 

A adduction, flexion, medial rotation of femur 

psoas minor

O thoracic 12 and lumbar 1

I pubis (pectineal line)

A flexion of trunk

flex hip

adduct hip

rotate hip

flex lumbar vertebrae

actions of flexion of the hip

gluteus maximus

O ilium, sacrum, coccyx

I femur

A extend, laterally rotate, abduct femur ; agonist of hip extension