10th Grade Final AP Seminar Study Guide

Allusion

A reference to a person, place, event or work outside the text.

Apostrophe

Addressing an absent or imaginary person or imaginary object.

Dramatic Irony

When the audience know something the characters don’t.

Foreshadowing

Hints about events that will happen later.

Hyperbole

Deliberate exaggeration for effect

Imagery

Descriptive language that appeals to the senses

Metaphor

Comparison without using “like” or “as”

Motif

Recurring idea, word, image, or symbol that develops a theme

Paradox

A statement that appears contradictory but reveals a truth

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

Simile

Comparison using “like” or “as”

Soliloquy

A long speech expressing a character’s thoughts while alone on stage.

Mood

Audience’s emotional response

Monologue

A long speech by a character to others on stage

Aside

A brief remark made by a character to the audience, unheard by other characters

Symbol

An object, character or event that represents a deeper meaning.

Tone

The author’s or speaker’s attitude toward the subject.

Macbeth

Presented as a valiant soldier, is rewarded with the Thane of Cawdor after his military success against rebels and the Norwegian army. He receives prophecies from the Witches foretelling his future as king, sparking thoughts of murder. After killing Duncan, he experiences guilt and fear, leading to the murder of Banquo and Macduff's family. He becomes increasingly ruthless, leading to his misguided reassurances from the Witches. He is ultimately killed by Macduff.

What character from Macbeth is this?

Lady Macbeth

Macbeth's wife, is ambitious for Macbeth to become king but fears his human kindness. She manipulates Macbeth by murdering Duncan and questions his manhood and courage. After the murder, she appears composed and advises Macbeth to hide his feelings. Later, she suffers from guilt, manifesting as sleepwalking and speaking revealing secrets. She needs divine help and dies offstage, with rumors suggesting she committed suicide. Malcolm refers to her as Macbeth's "fiendlike queen."

What character from Macbeth is this?

Banquo

A noble soldier and comrade of Macbeth, receives prophecies about his descendants becoming kings. He warns Macbeth about the Witches and dreams about them. Macbeth perceives him as a threat and plots his murder. His ghost appears at the banquet, symbolizing Macbeth's guilt.

What character from Macbeth is this?

King Duncan

A kind and appreciative king, he rewarded Macbeth naming him Thane of Cawdor. Trusted by Macbeth and was murdered.

What character from Macbeth is this?

Macduff

The Thane of Fife, discovers Duncan's murder and questions Macbeth's hasty killing. He becomes suspicious of Macbeth and flees to England to join Malcolm. After hearing Malcolm's brutal murder, he turns his sorrow into vengeance and joins the army against Macbeth. He reveals he was not born naturally but "from his mother’s womb Untimely ripped", fulfilling a prophecy and killing Macbeth.

What character from Macbeth is this?

Malcolm

King Duncan's heir, flees to England after his father's murder. He tests Macduff's loyalty and returns with an English army. He is hailed as the "medicine" to cure Scotland's sickness under Macbeth's rule. After Macbeth's death, he restores order, rewards loyal followers, and calls home exiled ones.

What character from Macbeth is this?

Fleance

Banquo's son, who escapes assassination by Macbeth, allowing the Witches' prophecy of Banquo's descendants becoming kings, a significant setback for Macbeth.

What character from Macbeth is this?

Witches

Also called the "weird sisters" with supernatural powers, deliver prophecies to Macbeth and Banquo, setting the central conflict. They conjure apparitions for misleading prophecies.

What character from Macbeth is this?

Ross and Angus

Scottish noblemen and Thanes who report news of the battles to King Duncan and later inform Macbeth of his new title. They are present at significant events like the aftermath of Duncan's murder. They later join the rebellion against Macbeth.

Lennox

A Scottish nobleman. He is present at Duncan's castle and accompanies Macduff when the king is discovered dead. He observes the strange events of the night. He expresses cautious suspicion of Macbeth's actions in Act 3, Scene 6 and eventually joins the forces against Macbeth.

Porter

The drunken gatekeeper at Macbeth's castle, providing comic relief in the tense moments after Duncan's murder.

Lady Macduff

Macduff's wife. She is angry and feels abandoned by her husband's flight, questioning his love and wisdom. She and her young son are brutally murdered by Macbeth's order.

Siward

The Earl of Northumberland and Malcolm's uncle. He leads the English forces assisting Malcolm and Macduff. He is a seasoned and respected soldier. He reacts to the news of his son's death with stoic pride, declaring that he died like a man with wounds on his front.

When you paraphrase information or include a direct quotation from a source in your paper.

When do you need to include an in-text citation?

Alphabetical by author's last name

In MLA style the list of references on your Works Cited page should be in order by…

A

A) One scholar argues, "While we often think of terms such as 'big data' and 'algorithms' as being benign, neutral, or objective, they are anything but" (Noble 1).

B) One scholar argues, while we often think of terms such as 'big data' and 'algorithms' as being benign, neutral, or objective, they are anything but (Noble 1).

C) One scholar argues, "While we often think of terms such as 'big data' and 'algorithms' as being benign, neutral, or objective, they are anything but" (Noble, pp. 1).

D) One scholar argues, "While we often think of terms such as 'big data' and 'algorithms' as being benign, neutral, or objective, they are anything but" (Noble, Algorithms of Oppression, pp. 1).

Which is the correct usage of in-text citation for a direct quotation in MLA style?

A

A) Orcutt, Kimberly. Power and Posterity: American Att at Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition. Penn State UP, 2017.

B) Orcutt, Kimberly. Power and Posterity: American Art at Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition. Penn State UP, 2017.

C) Orcutt, K. Power and Posterity: American Att at Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition. Penn State UP, 2017.

D) Orcutt, Kimberly. Power and Posterity: American Art at Philadelphia's 1876 Centennial Exhibition. State College, PA, 2017.

Which example has the correct format for citing a book in MLA style?

D

A) Kammer, Miriam. "Breaking the Bounds of Domesticity: Ecofeminism and Nature Space in Love's Labour's Lost." Shakespeare Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 3, 2018.

B) Kammer, Miriam. "Breaking the Bounds of Domesticity: Ecofeminism and Nature Space in Love's Labour's Lost." Johns Hopkins UP, vol. 36, no. 3, 2018, pp. 467-483.

C) Kammer, Miriam. Breaking the Bounds of Domesticity: Ecofeminism and Nature Space in Love's Labour's Lost. "Shakespeare Bulletin," vol. 36, no. 3, 2018, pp. 467-483.

D) Kammer, Miriam. "Breaking the Bounds of Domesticity: Ecofeminism and Nature Space in Love's Labour's Lost." Shakespeare Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 3, 2018, pp. 467-483.

Which example has the correct format for citing an article in MLA style?

C

A) Chatterjee, S. and Singh, J. G. "Moor or Less?" Shakespeare and Appropriation, edited by Christy Desmet and Robert Sawyer, Routledge, 1999, pp. 65-82.

B) Desmet, Christy and Robert Sawyer, editors. Shakespeare and Appropriation. "Moor or Less? ", written by Sudipto Chatterjee and Jyotsna G. Singh, Routledge, 1999, pp. 65- 82.

C) Chatterjee, Sudipto, and Jyotsna G. Singh. "Moor or Less?" Shakespeare and Appropriation, edited by Christy Desmet and Robert Sawyer, Routledge, 1999, pp. 65- 82.

D) Chatterjee, Sudipto, and Jyotsna G. Singh. "Moor or Less?" Shakespeare and Appropriation, edited by Christy Desmet and Robert Sawyer, Routledge, 1999.

Which example has the correct format for citing a chapter in an edited book in MLA style

A, B

A) Burnett, Mark T. Shakespeare and World Cinema. E-book ed., Cambridge UP, 2012.

B) Burnett, Mark T. Shakespeare and World Cinema. E-book ed., Cambridge UP, 2012, doi:10.1017/CB09780511760211.

C) Burnett, Mark T Shakespeare and World Cinema. Cambridge UP, 2012.

If you were citing an e-book what would be the proper citation format?

A

A) Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace, edited by Amy Mandelker, translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude, Oxford UP, 2010.

B) Tolstoy, Leo and Amy Mandelker. War and Peace, translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude, Oxford UP, 2010.

C) Tolstoy, Leo and Amy Mandelker, editors. War and Peace, translated by Louise and aylmer Maude, Oxford UP, 2010.

D) Mandelker, Amy. War and Peace, written by Leo Tolstoy, translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude, Oxford UP, 2010.

Select the example that has the correct format for citing a book with an editor in MLA style

B, C

A) Bronte, Charlotte. "Jane Eyre." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Jan. 2022. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Eyre.

B) "Jane Eyre." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 2022. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Eyre.

C) "Jane Eyre." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Jan. 2022. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane Eyre. Accessed 5 Feb. 2022.

D) "Jane Eyre." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Jan. 2022. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane Eyre.

Select the example(s) that has the correct format for citing an online resource in MLA style

B

A) "literature, n." OED Online, Oxford UP, Dec. 2021 , https://www-oed-com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/view/Entry/109080?

B) "literature, n." OED Online, Oxford UP, Dec. 2021 , www.oed.com/view/Entry/109080.

C) "literature, n." OED Online, www.oed.com/view/Entry/109080.

D) "literature, n." OED Online, Oxford UP, Dec. 2021 , www.oed.com/view/Entry/109080.

Select the example that has the correct format for citing an online resource in MLA style

All

Pride and Prejudice. Directed by Joe Wright, performances by Keira Knightley and Matthew Macfadyen, StudioCanal, 2005. Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/title/70032594.

Wright, Joe, director. Pride and Prejudice. StudioCanal, 2005. Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/title/70032594.

Pride and Prejudice. Directed by Joe Wright, StudioCanal, 2005. Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/title/70032594.

Select the example(s) that has the correct format for citing a film in MLA style

D

A) Since the source is online, there is no need to include a location.

B) Use the physical location of the publisher (e.g. Oxford, Los Angeles)

C) Use the URL (uniform resource locator)

D) If available, use the DOI (digital object identifier); otherwise, use the URL.

For online sources, how do you indicate the location of the source in an MLA citation?