Quiz 2

Frequency is

number of waves per second

Wavelength is

Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?

The smaller the wavelength the greater the frequency

What is amplitude related to?

Intensity

Resonance Is...

When the frequencies match

Ground state

The lowest energy state of an atom

What happens when electron wave are the same frequency as a light wave?

The energy of the light is absorbed by the electron

When electrons absorb energy how is the electron altered

Its shape and size changes

How does absorption occur?

the oscillating electric field of light tugs the electron wave which causes the wave to oscillating at the same frequency

Photon definition

a quantum assossiated with electromagnetic radiation

Photon energy formula

E=hv

comparing 1 molecule to 3 how much energy can be transferred

for 1, (hv) | for 3, 3(hv)

The higher the energy the ----- stable it is

less

What is the relationship between wavelength and energy?

the smaller the wavelength the higher the energy

is the transformation process for electrons fast

no it takes 100,000 oscillations for an electron to change shape

a standing wave has -------- boundaries

fixed

1 loop equals ---- wavelength

1/2

can standing waves have a half number of loops

no standing waves can only have a whole number of loops

how does standing waves having a fixed boundary affect it?

limited possible shapes and they cant travel

J refers to what type of loops

radial loops

l refers to what types of loops

angular/ nodal loops

What is n

the principal quantum number

how do you get n

you add the # of radial loops and nodal loops together

how does the number of n relate to the number of loops for an electron

the larger the value of n the greater the amount of loops in an electron

what does radial loops let us know?

the energy and the size

what does the nodal and angular loops let us know?

the shape of the electron

if j=3 and l=2 what is the electron shape and size

5d

momentum of light formula

h/wavelength of light

momentum formula

m*v

nodes

places of an electron with no wave density

What does a 3d electron look like

it has one radial loop and one 2 angular loops

Energy of an electron

-13.6 eV (z^2/n^2)

which orbital is less stable 3s or 3p

3p, because of its shape its attraction to the nucleus is less which allows for it to be ionized easier

Energy change formula

Is energy change equal to the photon energy

yes

when the energy change is negative what does that mean

emission occurred

what is electromagnetic radiation

a kind of radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously.

what happens when an electron finishes the absorbtion/emission process?

It gains or loses one nodal/ angular plane

what is the magnetic quantum number

indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus

how do you calculate the magnetic quantum number

2L +1

what is effective nuclear charge

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.

(photo not accurate electrons are waves not particles)

what is ionization energy

the energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Photo electric effect

The emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal

how does adding more photons to a lightsource affect the intensity of light?

it increases the intensity of the light source

does the intensity of a light source affect frequency

no

what is threshold frequency?

The minimum frequency of light required for an electron to be emitted.

if light emitted at an atom is higher than the threshold frequency will electron be ejected

yes, it will use the excess energy to move away faster

the greater the nuclear charge the ----------- the electron wave

smaller due to increased Coulomb's Law attraction, resulting in a smaller atomic radius and thus a smaller "electron wave" or probability cloud.

pauli exclusion principal

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Aufbau Principle

An electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it

if there is no magnetic field then all of the energies are---------

degenerate( have the same energy)

when the magnetic quantum number equals 0 what axis is the electron on

z axis

an orbital is

a group of 2 electrons with the same n, l and m sub l value

what does m sub s describe

the magnetic moment of an electron

if the electron in the orbital

Shielding affects ionization energy how?

The greater the shielding effect from inner electrons, the lower the effective nuclear charge felt by the valence electrons. This means the outermost electrons are held less tightly and require less energy to be removed, resulting in a lower ionization energy.

Hunds rule

Hund's rule states that for degenerate atomic orbitals (orbitals of equal energy), electrons will singly occupy each orbital with parallel spins before any orbital is doubly occupied

shielding only happens when there is more than one _________

electron

diamagnetic

all electrons are paired

paramagnetic

unpaired electrons