Social psych exam 3

Social norms are best defined as:

Rules for acceptable behavior within a group

Injunctive norms refer to:

What behaviors are approved or disapproved of

Descriptive norms are best described as:

How people actually behave

Conformity is best defined as:

Changing behavior based on the real or imagined presence of others

Informational social influence (ISI) occurs when:

We conform because others provide useful information

Which study demonstrated ISI using the autokinetic effect?

Sherif (1935)

ISI typically leads to:

Both public compliance and private acceptance

Rohrer (1954) found that participants…

Gave the same group-influenced answers a year later

Conformity via ISI is most likely when…

The situation is ambiguous or a crisis, or others are experts

Normative social influence (NSI) occurs when:

We want to be liked and accepted

NSI typically leads to…

Public compliance without private acceptance

Which study demonstrated NSI using line-length judgments?

Asch (1956)

In Asch’s study, what percentage of participants conformed at least once?

74%

Why did participants conform in Asch’s study?

They wanted to fit in (public compliance only)

What happens to conformity when a person has an ally?

It decreases

Conformity is more likely in collectivistic cultures because:

Group harmony is valued

What are the components of Social Impact Theory?

Strength, immediacy, and number

Idiosyncrasy credits are best defined as:

“Trust points” earned by conforming, allowing occasional deviation without backlash

Minority influence is most effective when the minority is…

Consistent, unanimous, and not motivated by self‑interest

In the classic minority influence study using blue–green slides, participants were influenced when the confederates…

Called the slides “green” consistently

Majority opinions usually lead to…

Public compliance through normative influence

Minority opinions usually lead to…

Private acceptance through informational influence

Obedience is defined as:

Compliance in response to a direct command from authority

What is an example of obedience?

Administering shocks because an authority figure instructs you to

According to the construal explanation, people obey in Milgram’s study because they believe…

The shocks are harmless

What construal led participants to disobey in Milgram’s paradigm?

“Harm is being done.”

What are the key factors that increased obedience in Milgram’s study?

Assurance of no permanent harm, prescence of a legitimate authority figure, and the learner’s voluntary consent

In Burger’s (2009) partial replication of Milgram, what percentage of participants continued after the learner protested?

70%

In Dolinski’s (2017) replication in Poland, obedience rates were…

Similar to Milgram’s, with about 90% continuing

The foot in the door technique is best defined as:

Getting someone to agree to a large request after they first agree to a small one

The door in the face technique refers to:

Getting someone to agree to a small request after they refuse a much larger one

Propoganda is best defined as:

A systematic attempt to shape mass attitudes and behaviors using misleading or emotionally charged information