Genetics
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41 Terms
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Base mismatch is due to:
incorrect pairing of bases
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Base mismatches take place:
during DNA replication
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Tobacco smoke can cause:
Chemical changes to nucleotides
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For homologous recombination to occur:
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Cell needs a similar copy of damaged DNA
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Which DNA repair pathway deals with DNA damage that causes distortion of double-stranded helix?
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Nucleotide excision repair
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**Name the father of genetics and the person who is famous for studying evolutionary traits**
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Genetics- Gregor Mendel
Evolution- Charles Darwin
Evolution- Charles Darwin
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**What are the four bases for DNA?**
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**adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine**
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**What are the two hardy weinberg equations**
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P+q = 1
P2 + 2Pq +q2= 1.0
P2 + 2Pq +q2= 1.0
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**What is a chromosome and how many do we have**
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**Wrapped up DNA and 23 pairs (46)**
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**Name a well-known type of genome editing**
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Crispr-Cas9
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**Name all the steps of mitosis in order**
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IPMAT
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**What are two ways RNA differs from DNA**
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**Rna is single stranded, uracil instead of thymine**
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**What are the three stop codons and the start codon**
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start: AUG
stop:UAG, UAA, UGA
stop:UAG, UAA, UGA
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**What are the steps of genetic editing in order**
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==**Cut**== **dna,** ==**paste**== **into plasmid,** ==**insert**== **plasmid into bacteria producing protein**
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What is an allele
different forms of a gene which produce variations in a genetically inherited trait (the letters)
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How is an allele different to a genotype
An allele is a part of a genotype, not the whole ex: ==B==b
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How is an allele different to a phenotype
a phenotype is a physical trait
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what are the base pairs for DNA
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).
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How do the DNA pairs match up?
Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).
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What are the RNA base pairs
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U).
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How do the RNA pairs match up
. Adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) in RNA.
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What is Transcription
Transcription copies the DNA into RNA
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what is replication
Replication makes another copy of DNA
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what is translation
where protein is made from RNA
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Why are codons important?
They make protein
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What is the law of independent assortment?
The gene pairs separate during formation of egg or sperm cells.
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What does P1 mean
The original parents
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What does F1 mean?
the offspring of parent plants
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What does F2 mean?
the offspring of F1
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what does purebred mean?
an animal bred from parents of the same breed
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What is gene therapy
Gene therapy uses genes to treat or prevent disease.
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What is GMO
Inserting foreign DNA to benefit humans
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What is Crisper Cas9
a genome editing unique technology, or editing parts of a genome
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what happens in interphase?
cell grows and copies DNA
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explain prophase
chromatid condenses into chromosomes.
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Explain metaphase
chromosomes line up at the center.
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explain anaphase
chromatids break apart and move to opposite poles.
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explain Telophase
spindle dissolves nuclear envelopes both cells.
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Cytokinesis
Fully separate, “daughter cells”
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What is the phenotypic ratio?
9:3:3:1
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