Functional Anatomy of the Stomach, Duodenum, and Pancreas

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the functional anatomy of the stomach, duodenum, and pancreas, facilitating review and retention for upcoming exams.

What is the shape and capacity of the stomach?

The stomach has a 'J' letter shape and a capacity of about 1300ml.

What are the two main parts of the stomach's wall?

Paries anterior (anterior and superior) and Paries posterior (posterior and inferior).

What are the two curvatures of the stomach called?

Curvatura ventriculi minor (lesser curvature) and Curvatura ventriculi major (greater curvature).

What is the role of the Fundus gastricus in the stomach?

It has hydrochloric acid secretory glands and is usually filled with air.

What is the function of the Antrum pyloricum?

It is the last dilated part of the stomach, acting as a waiting room.

What is Waldayer groove?

A groove for liquids to flow quickly, delimited by two longitudinal folds on the small curvature.

What is the innermost layer of the stomach called?

Tunica mucosa, containing glandular epithelium and secretory glands.

What are the types of nerves present in the stomach?

Sympathetic nerves and parasympathetic nerves (from the vagus nerve).

What are the major blood vessels supplying the stomach?

Arteria gastrica sinistra, Arteria gastrica dextra, Arteria gastroomentalis sinistra, and Arteria gastroomentalis dextra.

What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Its dual function as an endocrine (insulin and glucagon secretion) and exocrine (enzyme secretion) gland.

What are the four parts of the pancreas?

Head, neck, body, and tail.

Where is the duodenum located in relation to the stomach?

It is the first part of the small intestine, situated in the stomach's continuation.

What are the four parts of the duodenum called?

Pars superior, Pars descendens, Pars horisontalis, and Pars ascendens.

What are Plicae circulares?

Folds in the internal aspect of the duodenum that increase the surface area for absorption.

What duct is associated with the major papilla of the duodenum?

Ductus choledocus and Ductus pancrearicus (Wirsung) open here.

What is the significance of the pancreatic duct?

Ductus pancreaticus principalis of Wirsung crosses the entire gland and connects to the major duodenal papilla.

How does the pancreas receive its blood supply?

From the Truncus coeliacus and Arteria mesenterica superior.

What is the common drainage for veins in the duodenum and pancreas?

They drain into the Vena portae.