MIS Exam 1

knowledge workers

knowledge workers

individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information

Digital Divide

refers to the advantage those with access to information systems have compared to those without access.

Outsourcing

A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. Allows for corporations to reduce costs, increase availability of internal resources, increase process efficiencies.

Digital density

refers to the number of people and objects that are connected, and the number is now in the billions

IoT (Internet of Things)

A network of a broad range of physical objects that can automatically share data over the internet.

Big Data

the huge and complex data sets generated by today's sophisticated information generation, collection, storage, and analysis technologies

Network Effect

outcome of social media engagement in which every time a firm or person posts information, it is transferred to the poster's vast connections across social media, causing the information to spread instantaneously

Hardware

the physical parts of a computer

Software

A program or instructions that give directions to the computer.

Telecommunication networks

collection of computer hardware and software arranged to transmit information from one place to another

Ethical Code of Conduct

A document that some firms use to clarify the moral or ethical beliefs and philosophies of an organization. Can help to reduce unwanted behavior and conflict that may result from not being aware of shared ethical expectations.

Data

Facts, figures, and other evidence gathered through observations.

Information

Data converted into a meaningful and useful context

Executive/Strategic Level

who: executive level managers
what: aggregate summaries of past organizational data and projections of the future
why: improve organizational strategy and planning

Managerial/Tactical Level

Who: Midlevel Managers and Functional Managers
What: Automate the Monitoring and Controlling of Operational Activities
Why: Improve Organizational Effectiveness

Operational level

who: foremen and supervisors
what: Automate routine and repetitive activities and events
why: improve organizational efficiency

1. Threat of new entrants
2. Bargaining power of suppliers
3. Bargaining power of buyers
4. Threat of substitute products or services
5. Rivalry among competitors

Porter's Five Competitive Forces

Value Chain Analysis

Used to identify opportunities where information systems can be used to gain a competitive advantage.

Chief Information Officer

What does CIO mean?

Chief Information Security Officer

What does CISO mean?

Business Model

a summary of a business's strategic direction that outlines how the objects will be achieved.

Revenue Model

describes how the firm will earn revenue, generate profits, and produce a superior return on invested capital.

Managerial, executive, operational

What are the three levels of organization?

Advertisement model

A business model used by companies who provide their services for free, and sell advertising space to fund their businesses.

Sharing economy

an economic system in which assets or services are shared between private individuals, either free or for a fee, typically by means of the Internet.

a system of interlinked documents on the internet.

What is the World Wide Web?

To identify and locate a particular resource or web page.

What is Uniform Resource Locator (URL) used for?

Domain Name

used to help people recognize the company or person (ex. google, microsoft, ua)

Host name

www

.com, .edu, .gov, etc.

Top-level Domain Name

Lean Startup Methodology

Provides a framework to gain a competitive advantage from continuous innovation the ability to flexibly experiment with different solutions or business models quickly

Radical Innovation

a new product, service, or technology that completely replaces an existing one

Disruptive Technology

A new way of doing things that initially does not meet the needs of existing customers

Storage

the process of maintaining information in memory over time

Network

a group of two or more computer systems linked together

data center

physical or virtual infrastructures used by enterprises to house computer, server and networking systems and components for the company's IT (information technology) needs

Database

A collection of data organized in a manner that allows access, retrieval, and use of that data

PAN (Personal Area Network)

Small wireless network created with Bluetooth technology and intended to link computers and other peripheral devices.

LAN (Local Area Network)

A connection of two or more computers connected to a network in the same location.

WAN (Wide Area Network)

A network that spans a long distance and connects two or more LANs. (Such as eduroam)

Servers

Computers that exist only to provide things to others.

Clients

Computers, such as users' personal computers, that use any of the services provided by servers.

P2P network

A locally managed network in which each node can communicate directly with every other node in the network.

Internet

A global network connecting millions of computers, making it possible to exchange information.

Extranet

A private network that uses Internet technologies to share business information with select corporate partners or key customers.

Intranet

a network designed for the exclusive use of computer users within an organization that cannot be accessed by users outside the organization

Green Computing (Green IT)

Practices and technologies for producing, using, and disposing of computers and associated devices to minimize impact on the environment. (ex. having a tech headquarters in a cooler climate to naturally cool down the systems)

Cloud Computing

A system in which all computer programs and data is stored on a central server owned by a company (e.g. Google) and accessed virtually

SOA

Service Oriented Architecture

To achieve greater flexibility and agility, organizations have tried to move away from deploying large, monolithic applications in favor of a service-oriented architecture.

What is SOA?

Absolute Reference

A cell reference that does not change when a formula is copied to a new location.

Workbook

An Excel file with one or more worksheets.

Worksheet

A "page" within an Excel workbook that contains columns, rows, and cells.

Relative reference

A cell reference that changes when a formula is copied to a new location.

Applications

A program or group of programs designed for users to accomplish a specific task. Word processors, Web browsers, games, database management programs, and presentation programs are examples of applications.

IP address

The unique number assigned to each device on the Internet.

Enables processing, storing, and transmission of data.

What does IS Infrastructure do?