TEAS Endocrine System: Hormones Regulating Glucose, Calcium and Sleep

Calcitonin

Source: Thyroid gland

Target: bone and kidneys

Function: Decrease blood calcium levels 

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Source: Parathyroid glands

Target: Bone and kidneys

Function: increase blood calcium levels and decreases blood phosphate levels; stimulates production of vitamin D.

Glucagon

Source: Pancreas

Target: liver

Function: increase level of glucose in blood

Insulin

Source: Pancreas 

Target: Liver, muscle, adipose tissue

Function: decrease level of glucose in blood

Glucocorticoid (cortisol) 

Source: Adrenal cortex 

Target: Most tissues 

Function: increase glucose levels in blood; stimulates release of fatty acids for energy; regulate blood glucose level between meals 

Melatonin 

Source: pineal gland

Target: brain 

Function: Regulation of sleep-wake cycles (circadian rhythms)