SOCI 355 Midterm 1 & 2 Questions

Princeton European Fertility Project

Reformulation Theory

Fertility decline is dependent on culture

2nd Demographic Transition

Family and Household Transition

Below Replacement Fertility

Malthus

Enlightenment era

Food cannot keep up with population growth

Demographic Transition

Based on modernization theory

High birth and death to low birth and death

Malthus’ assumption about food

It grew geometrically as opposed to exponentially

Who is the father of demography

John Graunt

Which proponent of Neomalthusians differs from Malthus

Safe sex - (Malthus promoted abstinence)

Marx

Poverty is the product of unjust social institutions

Durkheim

Population growth leads to greater societal specialization

Nigeria Census

Controversial because of ethnic tensions

Historical Census

Taken after conquest of an area

Census meaning in latin

Taxing

How do US, Canada, and Mexico record data on census

Usual place of residence

Disproportionate share of working age

good for economic growth

Long form Canadian census

Subject to sampling error

When was the census popularized?

19th century

Spatial demography

Location of people being studied

What is the long form US census?

American community survey

Differential undercount

Its NOT a way to measure coverage error

Vital statistics

Birth and death

Proximal cause of mortality

Smoking

Most deaths in history

Due to infectious disease diseases

Globalization

Result of low wage labour

Canada versus US TFR

Canada = 1.3

America = 1.6

Population structure

Males and females at each age

Population in 1800

Approximately 1 billion

Japan

Low level of fertility similar to China

One child

Population impact on environment

Increase in resource use

Percent of Calgarians with higher education

35%

Country with highest number immigrants per capita

Canada

Basic lesson of mortality decline

Many ways by which it can be achieved

World War II

Turning point in mortality declined

Led to spread of death control technology

Post World War II, most dramatic life expectancy increase

In Asia

Lowest risk of death age

15

Highest risk of death age

Zero

How much of longevity is inherited

25%

Historical life expectancy

20 to 30

Roman life expectancy

20

Health and immortality transition does NOT

Involve greater variability of ages at which people die

When life expectancy is 30…

When life expectancy is 80…

40% die before five

2% die before five

Principal cause of death and low mortality society

Noncommunicable condition

What did not influence decline of mortality prior to WW2

Penicillin

Oldest age ever confirmed

122

European population 1650 to 1850

No increase in birth

Why are European countries aging?

They are below fertility replacement

What did high death rates lead to?

Slow population growth in history

What does modern demography emphasize?

Determinants and consequences of population change

Population increased since 1800

Because of a decline in mortality

What is the fertility transition?

Shift from family building by fate to by design

Most urbanized region in the world

North America

Early impact of mortality decline on age structure

Makes it younger because more kids survive

Common definition for permanent migrant

At least one year living in an area

Which process is most responsible for demographic dividend?

Drop in fertility

Cities versus rural places

Cities are more economically efficient and encourage growth

Migrant versus mover

Migrate moves total amount of daily activities around

Most important to determine urban transition

Declining mortality in rural places

Demographic balancing equation

Component of changeable method of estimating migration uses this to calculate

Not a top five growing municipality in Alberta

Calgary

Intervening obstacles

Address of the idea that the choice to migrate does not lead to migration

Not a consequence of migration for donor area

Increase a number of older people

(number doesn't change, only percentage does)

World system theory of migration

Migration from periphery to core

Lexis diagram

Shows age, period, and cohort data

Net reproduction rate

General replacement rate

Young versus old age structures

Young have more males, old have more females

Urban population centre

At least 100,000 people

Which TFR is lower: BC or Alberta

BC

hutterite Society

High fertility and low mortality

US census bureau – migrant

Someone who is moved to at least another county

Precondition for substantial fertility decline

Accepting calculated choice as valid marital fertility

Bongaarts - least important element

Voluntary abstinence

Who is more likely to migrate?

Young adult

What does TFR measure?

Total number of projected children ever born for women if ASFR does not change

What is most closely associated with fertility level for women?

Education level

What region has the highest fertility?

Africa

Stock of immigrants – US

14% in 2016

Chain migration

When an international migrant joins relatives

Global pattern of migration

East to West

Urban transition

Country population becomes less agricultural

Government definition of urban

Based on population density

Original urban transition theory

Draws from modernization theory

Urban versus rural fertility level

urban is almost always lower

US metropolitan area

At least 50,000

Mega city

10 million

Largest mega city

Tokyo

Highest percentage of urban slums

Sub Saharan Africa

Suburbanization in Canada

Least likely to be associated with gentrification

Age transition

Very young to older population

Cohort flow

Historical events affect people of same ages similarly

Rate of pregnancy related deaths now versus 50 years ago

Studies period affect

Which country has the youngest age structure?

Nigeria

Long-term impact of fertility decline

Makes a population structure older

age pyramid that cave in at younger side

Explanation is declining fertility

Short term impact of in migration increase

Producers youth bulge in each structure

Why is 65 beginning of old age?

Due to historical custom

What sort of measure is crude birth rate?

A period measure

What developed country has a higher TFR then Canada?

France

What is not the top five places where immigrants to Alberta are from?

UK

New household economic theory

migration can diversify family source of income