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Family Relationship
earliest social contact, often the most intense social bonds, extensive shared experiences, continuity over time makes this relationship different from others
Family subsystems
Parent and child, between parents, siblings, whole family operation impacts basic child rearing functions
Functions of Family
Survival of offspring, economic function, cultural training
Socialization
the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture
parenting styles
Parenting styles are the behaviors and attitudes that set the emotional climate of parent-child interactions
Authoritative parenting
parenting style characterized by emotional warmth, high standards for behavior, explanation and consistent enforcement of rules, and inclusion of children in decision making
authoritarian parenting
style of parenting in which parent is rigid and overly strict, showing little warmth to the child
permissive parenting
A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child's behavior.
neglectful parenting
a parenting style characterized by a lack of parental involvement in the child's life
Cultural impacts on parenting
Western culture bias towards authoritarian but eastern cultures lean towards authoritative
Effects of different parenting styles vary somewhat to ethnic or racial groups
Protection Domain
when child is upset child should be kept safe to form secure attachment
Reciprocity Domain
parent/child operate temp as equals, leads to pos exchanges, lets child influence when appropriate
Control Domain
conflicting goals, appropriate correct behavior, learns self-control
Group Participation Domain
w/family or cultural group, dev sense of social identity
Guided Learning Domain
parent teaches child, ZPD, develops sophisticated ways of thinking
Bidirectional Parent-Child Interactions
Both influence each others emotions positive and negative
Factors Affecting Parenting Style
SES - reflects environmental differences
Economic stress is a negative predictor of quality of parenting
Homelessness can cause poor health, dev delays, cog and soc delays, academic difficulties, and internalized problems
Older Parents
Greater age is related to greater satisfaction and higher parenting knowledge
More flexibility and freedom in balancing demands of work and family
Teen Parents
Associated with negative consequences for both mother and child
Decline in school achievement of young mom
Personal, economic and social problems
Parental relationships impact
More mutually supportive parents is positive for parenting
Lots of conflict has negative effects
Divorce Impact
Often leads to a greater risk of long and short-term psychological, behavior, academic, and relationship problems
Most children turnout fine
Ongoing marital conflict instead of divorce some argue causes even more negative effects
Sibling Relationship Impacts
Family position can affect sibling family interactions
Relationships change with age
Often a very significant relationship