Studied by 8 people
acculturation
adoption of the behavioral patterns of the surrounding culture
animism
doctrine that everything natural has a soul
artifacts
ancient objects made by human beings
assimilation
process of adding new ideas
Baha'i
follower of Bahaism
behaviors
observable actions or responses of humans or animals
beliefs
ideas that people hold to be true
bilingualism
able to speak two languages
Buddhism
a religion of Buddha that teaches that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire
Confucianism
the teachings of Confucius that encourage love for humanity
contagious diffusion
rapid and widespread diffusion
creole
mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages
cultural determinism
the belief cultural that influences determine the behaviors and personalities of people
cultural diffusion
spread of cultural ideas from one society to another
cultural ecology
geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment interactions
cultural geography
human geography that looks at how cultures vary over space.
cultural hearths
place of origin of a culture
cultural landscape
visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
cultural relativism
practice of judging a culture by its own standards
cultural transmission
process by which one generation passes culture to the next
culture complex
related set of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society's behavior or activity
culture region
area in which people have many shared culture traits
culture system
collection of interacting elements taken together shape a group's collective identity
culture trait
single element of normal practice in a culture
Daoism
philosophical system of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu that emphasizes a simple, honest life
dialect
usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people; branches off of a language
diaspora
a group migration of people with common roots
Durkheim's sacred and profane
sacred is the religious world
profane is the secular world (world withoyut religion)
Eastern Orthodox
a branch of Christianity that derives from the Byzantine Church
environmental determinism
view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life including cultural development
ethnic religion
religion with a concentrated spatial distribution
ethnocentrism
belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
extinct religion
religion that is extinct
folk culture
culture usually practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups
folk culture region
an area where many people who live in a land space share at least some traditions or customs
folk life
composite culture of folk societies
geographic region
distinguished area of the Earth
Hagerstrand, Torsten
was a geographer that wrote about cultural diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
spread of an idea from nodes of authority or power to persons or places with less power
Hinduism
polytheistic religion of Hindus
humanism
doctrine encouraging a person's self-realization using reasoning
independent invention
term for a trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other
Indo-European language family
spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and southern Asia, an example
Islam
monotheistic religion of Muslims
isogloss
boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate
Judaism
monotheistic religion of the Jews
language
vocal or written communication
language families
group of languages with a shared origin
language sub-family
group of languages with more in common than a language family
lingua franca
a common language such as English used by different speakers
linguistic fragmentation
many languages spoken by a small group of people.
linguistic geography
study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features
Mahayana
one of two schools of Buddhist doctrine encouraging the use of faith only
Marxism
economic and political theories of Karl Marx that say human actions and institutions are economically determined
material culture
physical manifestations of human activities such as buildings
migrant diffusion
when an innovation originates somewhere and enjoys strong-but brief-adoption, loses strength at origin by the time it reaches another area
monotheistic religion
religion with one god
multilingualism
common use of two or more languages in a society or country
non-material culture
human creations, such as values, that are not embodied in physical objects
norms
rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members
official language
language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of busines and publication of documents
pidgin
an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages
popular culture
culture found in a heterogeneous society
Protestants
reformers who protested some practices of the catholic church
regional identity
an awareness of being a part of a group of people living in a culture region
religion: branches, denominations, sects
branches: large and general divisions
denominations: small divisions that branch off of the branches
sects: even smaller groups
relocation diffusion
spread of a feature or trend through movement of people
Roman Catholics
a branch of CHristianity
Sauer, Carl
American geographer that wrote about diffusion
shamanism
animistic religion of northern Asia
Shiite
one of the two primary branches of Islam
Sikhism
a monotheistic religion founded in northern India
standard language
form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications
stimulus diffusion
diffusion in which one people receives a culture element from another but gives it a new and unique form
Sunni
one of the two primary branches of Islam
symbolic landscape
smaller landscapes that symbolize a bigger area
symbols
motifs that stand for other things or ideas
syncretism
combining of beliefs
Tantrayana
The Buddhist yana whose path is the transformation of neurotically confused emotions into their enlightened equivalents.
Theraveda
Way of the Elders
time-distance decay
declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source.
toponymy
branch of naming that studies the place names of a region or a language
traditional religion
original religion
transculturation
cultural borowing that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact
universalizing religion
religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location.
Note 
Flashcard (201)