The Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

Ptolemy

greek, scientist, invented geocentric theory

geocentric theory

system of universe where the earth is at the center

copernicus

polish scientist, invented heliocentric theory

heliocentric theory

system of the universe where the sun is at the center

Kepler

german scientists, invented elliptical theory

elliptical orbit

planets orbits are egg shape

Galileo

italalian astronomer, determined mountains on earths moon, 4 moons revoliving around jupiter, sunspots

newton

english mathmetician/scientist, discovered the universal law of gravity

universal law of gravity

every object in the universe is attracted to one another

Vesalius

european scientist/physician, dissected humans, described the structure of the human body

harvey

english physician, proved blood circulates through heart

lavoisier

french chemist, created a system for naming chemicals

cavendish

english author, challenged belief that humans were masters of nature

winkelmann

german astronomer, discovered the comet

descarte

french philosopher, father of modern rationalism, wrote “discourse in method”

“discourse in methods” 3 steps

1) let only your mind influence your opinion 2) your mind cant be doubted only your body and the world can 3) seperation of mind and body

bacon

enlgish philospher, invented the scientific method

scientific method

systematic procedure for collecting and anylzing evidence using inductive reasoning

inductive reasoning

scientists should proceed from the specific to the general by using the scientific method

5 steps of sceitntific method

1) observe 2) hypothesize 3) experiment 4) analyze results 5) draw conclusions

enlightenment

18th century political movement, inspired by S.R.

role of philosophy

to change the world

philosophes

describes french philosophers

reason

applied to everything

lassiez faire

french economic principle that the government should not impose government reuglations on the economy

locke

english philospher, beleived all humans entitled to natural rights of life, liberty and property

tabula rasa

blank mind

montesquieu

french philosopher, beleived in seperation of powers/3 branches, influenced constitution

seperation of powers

form of government which the executive, legislative and judicial branches limit and check each other

voltaire/marie arouet

french writer, promtoed deism, influenced bill of rights

deism

reigious philosophy based on reason and natural law

diderot

created first encyclopedia