Video notes: Brain Localization, Tripartite Brain, and Phrenology (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering the tripartite brain, localization of function, key figures, and concepts like gyri/sulci and phrenology.

Tripartite brain

Three-part brain common to vertebrates: cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem; invertebrates lack this plan.

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain; associated with perception and higher cognitive functions; consists of two hemispheres and occupies a large portion of the brain.

Cerebellum

Brain region responsible for coordinating movement; damage impairs coordination even if movement can still occur.

Brain stem

Lower part of the brain connecting to the spinal cord; supports basic life functions.

Localization of function

Idea that different brain regions subserve specific perceptual or behavioral functions; early evidence came from brain lesion studies.

Lorenz's brain-lesion experiments

Early animal experiments removing portions of the cerebrum or cerebellum showing deficits in perception or coordination, supporting localization of function.

Franz Joseph Gall

19th-century physician who popularized ideas about localization of function and developed phrenology by studying skull bumps.

Phrenology

Pseudoscience claiming skull bumps reveal underlying brain regions and personality traits; criticized for lacking scientific method.

Gyri

Ridges on the cerebral cortex formed by folding; the raised areas.

Sulci

Grooves between gyri on the cerebral cortex.

Self-report bias

Subjective bias when people describe themselves; unreliable for inferring brain function.

Skull bumps vs brain structure

Skull bumps do not reliably reflect underlying brain gyri or functions; phrenology’s premise is inaccurate.