ARTH200 terms

Hippodamian Plan

A city plan in which a strict grid was imposed on a site, regardless of the terrain, so that all streets would meet at right angles.

Tholos

A temple with a circular plan

Dipteral

A double row of colonnades all around the cella and its porches

Principle of reduplication

Engaged column

a column that is not freestanding but attached to a wall

Corinthian Order

Most ornate of the orders- contains a base, a fluted column shaft, and the capital is elaborate and decorated with leaf carvings

Stoa

an covered walkway having columns on one side and a wall on the other

Pathos

Appeal to emotion

Necropolis

city of the dead

Tumulus

An artificial mound of earth and stones placed over a grave

Klinai

couches

Etruscan Symposium

Women participated, took place outdoors

Etruscan Temple

Situated on high podium, Steps at front only, Deep porch, Prostyle (columns only in front), Roof overhang, Tuscan columns, Divided cella, Elaborate akroteria

Acroteria

elaborate roof decoration

Cella

the main room of a temple where the god is housed

Tuscan Columns

Doric with a base

Prostyle

A portico of columns on the front of a building

Coroplast

someone who works in clay

Syncretic

Characterized by the combination

Quadriga

four horse chariot

Concrete

building material made by mixing small stones and sand with limestone, clay, and water

Pozzolana

Natural cement. The Romans made this cement with ash that was blown out of the volcano Vesuvius. it is waterproof and hardens even when it is wet.

Patron Deity

A god or goddess associated with a certain place or profession

Veristic

True to natural appearance; super-realistic. , shows flaws

Adlocutio pose

Speech pose, one hand raised

Toga

A loose robe worn by men in Rome

Toga praetexta

purple edged toga

Anastole

An off center parting of the hair with the locks brushed up and back near the part

Corona triumphalis

Honor given to victorious general during the Roman Empire.Gold coronet shaped in the form of a laurel wreath

Paludamentum

A large white or purple cloak similar to the greek chlamys, worn by emperors or generals

Gravitas

seriousness of mind

Dignitas

excellence of moral character and personal influence

Fides

reliability, loyal service to family and the state

Comma locks

Julio-Claudian hairstyle

Cuirass

Armor for the upper body

Pax romana

A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.

Stola

Garment of ancient Roman women, equivalent of the toga

Capite Velato

Latin, meaning "with covered head", referring to the act of covering one's head while performing a sacred ritual.

Domus Aurea (Golden House)

Nero's big house built in area cleared by fire

Xenodorus

Architect of Domus Aurea

Caliga

Military sandals

amphitheater

an oval large stadium with tiers of seats

Imperator

commander in chief

Triumphal arch

In Roman architecture, a freestanding arch commemorating an important event, such as a military victory or the opening of a new road.

Coffers

A recessed decorative panel that is used to reduce the weight of and to decorate ceilings or vaults.

Vaults

Arches that form a ceiling or a roof

Apotheosis

raising to god status

Pyroclastic flow

The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption

Artrium

Tablinium

Cubiculum

Bedroom

Triclinium

Dining room

Liminal spaces

Spaces limit mobility because they trap their inhabitants "in-between" tow unavailable spaces of belonging.

Negotium

to execute, to manage

Otium

leisure time

Pilaster

a rectangular column, especially one projecting from a wall.

One point perspective

a perspective system with a single vanishing point on the horizon

Atmospheric perspective

Creating the illusion of depth of space by fading colors and eliminating detail in objects that are further away.

Basilica

A huge marble government building in ancient Rome

Belvedere

raised covered terrace or pavilion

Continuous Narrative

a work of art that contains several scenes of the same story painted or sculpted in a single frame

Decursio

ritual circling of a Roman funerary pyre

Rotunda

A circular domed building or hall

Tetrarchy

rule by four

Porphyry

purple marble

Spolia

the reuse of architectural or sculptural pieces in buildings generally different from their original contexts

Acrolithic

A composite sculpture made of stone and other materials.

Chi-Ro

A symbol for Christ consisting of the first two letters of Christ in Greek

Tropaion

Victory Monument

Clerestory

A row of windows in the upper part of a wall.

Catacombs

An underground cemetery

Lunette

A semicircular area (with the flat side down) in a wall over a door, niche, or window; also, a painting or relief with a semicircular frame.

Roman Basilica

The basis for early Christian architecture

Nave

the central area of a church

Aisles

the portion of a basilica flanking the nave and separated from it by a row of columns or piers

Narthex

A porch or vestibule of a church, generally colonnaded or arcaded and preceding the nave

Transept

The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle.

Apse

A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a Roman basilica or at the east end of a church.

Cruciform

cross shaped

Central-plan church

a church focused around a central on a central point, usually utilizing a square or octagonal plan

acoustic rain

when sound goes up to the top and then "rains down"

Ambulatory

A place for walking in a church

Tersserae

A small block of stone, tile, glass, or other material used in the construction of a mosaic

Traditio Legis

The early Christian iconographic motif of Christ, standing or enthroned, distributing his New Law in the form of a scroll (or rarely a codex) to the Apostles Peter and Paul.

Frustrum

Pendentives

a curved triangle of vaulting formed by the intersection of a dome with its supporting arches.

Calligraphy

art of beautiful handwriting

Arabesque

ornate design featuring intertwined curves; a ballet position in which one leg is extended in back while the other supports the weight of the body

Mosque

A Muslim place of worship

Mihrab

a niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca

Hypostyle hall

a hall with a roof supported by columns

Ablaq

Arabic term for alternating bands of colored stones in Islamic masonry, derived from Byzantine opus mixtum

Relics

valued holy objects from the past

Reliquary

a container for holy relics

Pilgrimage plan church

space w/ ambulatories & aisles to accommodate travelers venerating relics

Apsidioles

A small apse or chapel connected to the main apse of a church.

Abbot Suger

Abbot of Saint-Denis. Set the stage for the heavy decoration of costly stained-glass windows and sculptures in the cathedrals of the Gothic age. Mark the beginning of Gothic architecture.

Pointed arch

An arch with a pointed crown, characteristic of Gothic architecture.

Ribbed groin vault

The style of vault that was used during the Gothic period that was more delicate compared to the barrel vaults of the Romanesque period.

Lancet window

a high and narrow window with an acutely pointed head.