5/13 sci

Planet

Planet

An object that orbits the sun, is rounded by gravity, and has cleared its orbit.

Satellite

A body orbiting a planet.

Meteor

Light streak from small objects burning in Earth's atmosphere.

Comet

Cold mix of dust and ice with a glowing trail near the sun.

Star

Hot gas ball, mainly hydrogen and helium, with fixed positions.

Constellation

A pattern or group of stars that people imagined to represent a figure, animal or object.

Polaris

North star, fixed in the night sky.

Zodiac

Move through a narrow band in the sky called

Rotation

The earth spinning on its axis one time - 1, 24 hour day and night cycle

Revolution

the movement of one object around another object in space

Orbit

path in which a revolution occurs

Ellipse

Elongated circle, like Earth's orbit.

Kepler's Law

When the planet is closer to the sun it moves faster around its orbit, and when it is further away ti moves slower.

Apogee

(Aphelion) that point in the earth elliptical orbit where the Earth and Sun are farthest apart

Perigee

(Perihelion) that point in the Earth elliptical orbit where the Earth and Sun are closest together

Equinox

Earth's axis neither toward nor away from the sun.

Solstice

Earth's axis toward or away from the sun.

Gravity

Force between objects, decreases with distance.

Law of Universal Gravitation

All objects attract each other based on mass and distance.

Mass

Amount of matter in an object.

Weight

Gravity's force on an object.

Inertia

Object's resistance to motion change.

Newton's First Law of Motion

An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion, will remain in motion at a constant speed and direction, unless acted upon by a force.

Eclipse

Object casting a shadow on another in space.

Solar Eclipse

Moon's shadow on Earth.

Lunar Eclipse

Earth's shadow on the moon.

Umbra

Darkest part of a shadow.

Penumbra

Lighter shadow part with partial eclipse.

Total Eclipse

Entire sun hidden by the moon.

Partial Eclipse

Part of the sun hidden by the moon.

Annular Eclipse

Moon doesn't fully block the sun.

Tide

Ocean water rise and fall every 12.5 hours.

High Tide

Moon's gravity pulls water closest to it.

Low Tide

Water on  the sides of the earth perpendicular to those two areas closest to and farthest from the earth are low tide areas of the earth

Spring Tide

Strongest tides during new or full moons.

Neap Tide

Lowest tides.

Maria

Dark, flat lunar areas from huge lava flows from 3-4 billion years ago. ‘Lunar Seas’’

Crater

Large round pits caused by the impact of meteoroids or chunks of rock or dust from space,

Highland

Moon mountains.

Rilles

Moon valleys.

Collision Theory

Earth's collision with Mars-sized object theory.

Full Moon

New Moon

Waning Gibbous

Waxing Gibbous

Third Quarter

First Quarter

Waning Crescent

Waxing Crescent