Humainities

Oregon Treaty of 1846

President Polk and England signed this, understanding the limits of the Oregon Territory.

Plymouth

Founded in 1620 – Pilgrims traveled to Plymouth and signed the Mayflower Compact.

Mayflower Compact

A document signed by passengers of the Mayflower establishing self–government for the first time.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848 – United States received California, which now means land that stretched from Texas to California to as far as Wyoming.

Samuel F.B. Morse

Invented the Telegraph in 1844.

Seneca Falls Declaration

1848 – Document made by Elizabeth Cady Stanton saying all men AND women are created equal.

Compromise of 1850

California becomes part of the Union as a free state.New Mexico and Utah become U.S. Territories.Fugitive Slave Law is made.

Louisiana Purchase

1803 – Mississippi is no longer controlled by foreign power.Territory Purchased: Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and also parts of Colorado, Kansas, Minnesota, and Wyoming.

John C. Calhoun

– Supported Slavery– Secretary of War– Vice President of U.S. created a doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 – James Madison's speech tells Europe not to purchase any territory from the West in U.S.

Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, and technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain. It commenced with the introduction of steam power (fueled primarily by coal) and powered automated machinery (primarily in textile manufacturing).

Eli Whitney

1793 – invented the Cotton Gin to take seeds out of Cotton much quicker, and to do that people needed slaves so the Cotton Gin also encouraged slavery, however Eli Whitney did not know the Cotton Gin would have the kind of effect on slaves. Also invented Interchangeable Parts.

Erie Canal

1825 – Best transportation as of 1825, built by DeWitt Clinton.

Indian Removal Act

1825–1850 Allowed the President to move tribes west.

Trail of Tears

Native Americans wept that they did not want to leave their homes. AKA, Long Trail West.

Worcester VS. Georgia

It said the Cherokee Nation had the right to make its own laws.

James Bridger

Discovered the Great Salt Lake

Mexico

In 1824, this territory became an independent country.

Santa Fe Trail

Americans went to buy goods and then come back to U.S. to make profit. People brought big wagons with animals, food, and supplies in them.

John Marshall

Thomas Jefferson's Cousin Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Presidents 1–8

1. George Washington 2. John Adams. 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. James Madison 5. James Monroe 6. John Quincy Adams 7. Andrew Jackson 8. Martin Van Buren

Presidents 9–17

9. William Henry Harrison 10. John Tyler 11. James Knox Polk 12. Zachary Taylor 13. Millard Fillmore 14. Franklin Pierce 15. James Buchanan 16. Abraham Lincoln 17. Andrew Johnson

Missouri Compromise

1820 – Maine was carved from Massachusetts and made into a free state.\nBalanced the slave states and the free states.

Lynch

It means to kill without a fair trial.

Robert Carter

In 1791 he freed all of his slaves (500+) because of his religious beliefs.

Jamestown

Founded in 1607, the first permanent English Settlement.

Joseph Smith

In 1830, he founded the Mormon Religion.

Virginia House of Burgesses

1st representative assembly in North America

Thomas Hooker

Founder of the state of Connecticut, “Father of American Democracy. Connecticut adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut sometimes called the “First written Constitution.”

William Penn

Established Pennsylvania as a refuge for Quakers. He supported freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require residents to serve in a militia.

Anne Hutchinson

Banished from Massachusetts colony; one of the founders of Rhode Island

French and Indian War

British colonists wanted to take over French land in North America. British soldiers fought against French soldiers and Native Americans. Native Americans joined against the British bc they were afraid the British would take over their land.

Treaty of Paris

1763 – Ended the French and Indian War Also as a result of the war, the British began taxing the colonists to pay for the war and the proclamation line of 1763 was established to keep colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains.

Sugar Act

1764 – Tax on Sugar American Reaction: Taxation without Representation

Stamp Act

1765 – Tax on all kinds of documents American Reaction: Protests – Sons of Liberty form

Townshend Acts

1767 – Tax on imported goods American Reaction: Boycott British

Tea Act

1773 – Taxed Tea American Reaction: Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

1774 – Closed Boston American Reaction: Formed the first Continental Congress

Revolutionary War Declaration of Independence 1776

Document written by Thomas Jeffer–son, claiming independence from Great Britain based on the philosophies of Locke, Montesquieu, and Blackstone

Revolutionary War Lexington and Concord

British planned to arrest American leaders Paul Revere made famous ride to warn about the British attack

Revolutionary War Saratoga

Important victory because it influenced foreign nations to support America in its war against England France used its Navy in the Americans effort for victory

Revolutionary War Yorktown

French ships prevented British supplies to reach Yorktown British surrender because of lack of supplies British lost hope of winning war and began negotiating the Treaty of Paris 1783

Revolutionary War Treaty of Paris

1783 – ENDED THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The 13 colonies became independent from England The boundaries of the new nation were the Mississippi river to the west, Canada to the North, and Spanish Florida to the south.

Leaders of the American Revolution George Washington

Commander–in–Chief of the Continental Army, President of the Constitutional Convention, and First US President, Helped create a strong central government.

Leaders of the American Revolution Samuel Adams

Boston Patriot who opposed British taxation. He established the committee of correspondence. Leader of the Sons of Liberty and insisted a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution before ratification.

Leaders of the American Revolution Benjamin Franklin

Author, publisher, inventor and diplomat

Leaders of the American Revolution Alexander Hamilton

Author of many of the Federalist Papers; First secretary of treasury, Leader of Federalist Party

Leaders of the American Revolution Patrick Henry

Patriot from Virginia, opposed ratification of Constitution because of potential limitations on state’s rights. “Give me Liberty. Or give me death!”

Leaders of the American Revolution James Madison

“Father of the Constitution” one of Three authors of the “Federalist Papers”, author of the “Bill of Rights”

Leaders of the American Revolution Thomas Paine

Wrote Common Sense and American Crisis, He urged Americans to support the Patriot cause during the American Revolution.

Leaders of the American Revolution Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams, known for her stance on women’s rights in letters to her husband.

Leaders of the American Revolution Wentworth Cheswell

Educated African–American Patriot, made the same midnight ride as Paul Revere warning that the British were coming.

Leaders of the American Revolution Mercy Otis Warren

Patriot writer that supported independence and convinced others to join the cause. First woman historian of the American Revolution, published plays, books and poetry.

Leaders of the American Revolution James Armistead

African–American spy during the American Revolution. Spied on Lord Cornwallis’ camp.

Leaders of the American Revolution Bernardo de Galvez

Spaniard who held off British in New Orleans, but allowed Americans use of the port.

Leaders of the American Revolution Crispus Attucks

American Hero and Martyr of the Boston Massacre

Leaders of the American Revolution Haym Salomon

Polish Jew who spied for Americans and was held as a translator for the Germans by the British.

Leaders of the American Revolution Marquis de Lafayette

French Noble who helped Americans during the Revolutionary War

Leaders of the American Revolution John Paul Jones

Founder of the U.S. Navy. Led raids on British ships and famous for yelling “I have not yet begun to fight”

Leaders of the American Revolution King George III

King of England during the American Revolution

Magna Carta

Limited the power of the King; guaranteed the right of trial by jury.

English Bill of Rights

called for frequent elections; guaranteed right to bear arms, forbade cruel and unusual punishment; restated trial by jury.

Articles of Confederation

Created just before the Battle of Yorktown, this was the first attempt at a national government by the American Colonies; its weaknesses was the lack of a strong central government.

Constitutional Convention

1787 – Delegates met in Philadelphia Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation; instead they wrote an entirely new constitution and formed a new government.

Federalists

John Adams Alexander Hamilton

Anti–Federalists

What political party was Thomas Jefferson and James Madison

Bill of Rights

The first ten ammendments

Constitution Ratified

1787 – Becomes blueprint for American Government

George Washington

1st President encouraged no political parties and isolationism Farewell address encouraged isolationism and no forming of political parties

John Adams

Which person was president during XYZ Affair Alien and Sedition Acts

Thomas Jefferson

President during Marbury v. Madison (Judicial Review) Louisiana Purchase (1803) — purchased from France for $15 million, doubled the size of the U.S. Embargo Act of 1807 — restricted trade with any country

James Madison

War of 1812 — United States earned worldwide respect and helped spark the Industrial Revolution Henry Clay’s American System

Mexican War (James K. Polk –President)

America and Mexico argued over the border between the Texas and Mexico. America invaded Mexico and Mexico surrendered (“Stonewall” Jackson recognized as a hero of the war) Mexico recognizes Texas as a part of the U.S. and settles border dispute Rio Grande the border Mexico gave up the Mexican Cession which helped complete Manifest Destiny.

Jacksonian Democracy

The idea that as many people as possible should be allowed to vote

Gadsden Purchase

1853 – Land purchased from Mexico in used to com–plete the transcontinental railroad.

Florida Cession

1819 – Given to the US by Spain

Abolition Movement

The social movement to end slavery. (Leaders: Fredrick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, William L. Garrison)

Public Education

Between 1830–1850, many northern states opened free public schools. (Leaders: Horace Mann)

Labor Reform Movement

Social movement where workers began protesting and strikes to get better wages and working hours.

Women’s Rights

This movement sought the equal treatment of women, including the right to vote. (Leaders: Stanton, Anthony)

Temperance Movement

Social movement to stop drinking alcohol.

The Liberator

an abolitionist newspaper– William Lloyd Garrison

Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth

both born slaves but had escaped slavery and became leading abolitionist

Harriett Beecher Stowe

wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which portrayed slavery in the South

Harriet Tubman

Former slave and conductor of the Underground Rail–road

Kansas–Nebraska Act

Nebraska Territory was divide into two territories.Slavery in each territory was to be decided by popular sovereignty (vote by the people). Anti–slavery and Pro–slavery forces rushed into the territories in order to vote. A key figure was John Brown who was an extreme abolitionist that murdered slavery supporters.

Sojourner Truth

Former slave who fought for women’s rights and abolition of slavery

Susan B. Anthony

Leader in women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement for 50 years to the effort to attain equal rights for women.

Henry David Thoreau

American essayist, poet, practical philosopher, and transcendentalist. Wrote “Civil Disobedience” (passive resistance) and supported abolitionism.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Author of declaration of the rights of women, seeking equal rights for women. Her and Lucretia Mott held the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY.

Horace Mann

Father of Public Education; believed all children had the right to free education.

Civil War (1861–1865)

(1861–1865) Fighting between the North and South over the issue of slavery. North wins and slaves are granted Freedom, Citizenship, and the right to vote.

People of the Civil War\nAbraham Lincoln

President of The United States during the Civil War. (Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address)

People of the Civil War\nJefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America. Inaugural address proclaimed States’ Rights.

People of the Civil War\nUlysses S. Grant

Commanding Union General– won major victories for the Union (Shiloh and Vicksburg)– defeated Lee’s troops in Virginia and accepted Lee’s surrender at the Appomattox court hose in 1865

People of the Civil War\nRobert E. Lee

Confederate General– commanded the Northern Army of Virginia–respected by Northerners and loved by white southerners– won early victories and invaded the north twice and lost both times (at Antie–tam and Gettysburg)– surrendered at Appomattox

Secession

withdrawal of Southern States from the Union

Battles of the Civil War\nFort Sumter

first shots of the Civil war before supplies could arrive Confederate troops attack the fort and the Civil war begins

Battles of the Civil War\nBattle of Antietam

single bloodiest battle of the Civil War

Battles of the Civil War\nSiege of Vicksburg

 Important Union victory\n Confederates lost control of the Mississippi River\n Vicksburg, Mississippi was the last Confederate stronghold along the Mississippi River