UNIT 4 WORLD HISTORY 9

Polis

Polis

a.k.a. city state, was the community structure of ancient Greece

Athens

the capital of Greece. It was also at the heart of Ancient Greece, a powerful civilization and empire.

Sparta

city-state located in the southeastern Peloponnese region of ancient Greece

Alexander of Macedon

created a vast empire that stretched from Macedonia to Egypt and from Greece to part of India

Pericles

a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens.

Hellenism/Hellenistic Period

covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC

Ptolemaic Empire

referred to as the Lagid dynasty, was a Macedonian Greek royal dynasty which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

Patrician

the upper class, people such as wealthy land owners

Plebeians

would be the lower class which would be normal people in Rome.

Punic Wars

a series of wars between 264 and 146 BC fought between Rome and Carthage

Consul

held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic

Gracchi Brothers

They wanted to help the poor and give the common people their rights

Latifundia

any large ancient Roman agricultural estate that used a large number of peasant or slave labourers.

Julius Caesar

a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war

Augustus Caesar

also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor;

Pax Romana

a roughly 200-year-long timespan of Roman history which is identified as a period and as a golden age

Cyrus the Great

the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian empire

Jesus of Nazareth

a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader; he is the central figure of Christianity

Paul of Tarsus

a Christian apostle and missionary who spread the teachings of Jesus in the first-century world.

Emperor Constantine

made Christianity the main religion of Rome

Byzantine Empire

was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages

Romulus

was the legendary founder and first king of Rome

Twelve Tables

a set of laws inscribed on 12 bronze tablets created in ancient Rome in 451 and 450 BCE

Achaemenid Empire

the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC.

Tribune

an official in ancient Rome chosen by the plebeians to protect their interests.