SCIENCE SECTION 6
Studied by 22 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/28
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
29 Terms
What is an organism?
A living system with parts that work together to carry out basic life processes
What is a unicellular organism?
An organism made up of only one cell
What is a multicellular organism?
An organism that is made up of more than one cell
What are the five different groups of organisms?
Animals, Fungi, Protists, Plants, Bacteria
What’s the different between a vertebrate and an invertebrate?
A vertebrate is an animal with a backbone (ex. a bird), while an invertebrate is an animal without a backbone, usually having an outer shield to protect it (ex. a snail).
What are fungi? Is it multicellular, unicellular, or either? Give one example.
Fungi are organisms that usually obtains nutrients from dead/decaying matter, not photosynthesis. It is either multicellular or unicellular. An example of fungus is a mushroom.
What are protists? Are they multicellular, unicellular, or either? Give one example.
Protists are an organism that is neither plant/animal, but they have similar characteristics as to plants/animals. They are usually unicellular, but are sometimes multicellular. An example of a protist is amoeba.
What is bacterium, (plural, bacteria)? Is it multicellular, unicellular or either? Give an example.
The most basic of all unicellular organisms, and doesn’t have a nucleus. An example of bacteria is e-coli.
What is paramecia? Which of the five groups of organisms is it included in?
Paramecia is an animal-like protist. It lives in water, and feeds on bacteria and algae.
What is the amoeba? Which of the five organism groups does it belong to? What process does it use to obtain food?
Amoeba is an animal-like protist that needs to move around to find food. Though, to eat this food, it uses phagocytosis.
What is endo/exocytosis and phagocytosis? (ik this was last unit but its lowk important to know for amoeba)
Endocytosis - When a cell moves large amounts of material/non-dissolved particles from the outside into its cytoplasm.
Phagocytosis - A type of endocytosis as to where a cell uses pseudopods to move the large material into its cytoplasm.
Exocytosis - The opposite of endocytosis; when a cell moves the large material from its cytoplasm out to the outside environment.
How do a lot of unicellular organisms eat?
Aside from plant-like protists and some types of bacteria that use photosynthesis, other unicellular organisms interact with one another to obtain food.
What is gas exchange (the way a lot of unicellular organisms breathe)?
Oxygen diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell, while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the cell once the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher inside the cell that it is outside of the cell. Though, some bacteria and fungi can survive without oxygen.
What is the difference between movement and locomotion/definition of both?
Movement - a change in the shape/figure of all or part of an organism; present in all living things
Locomotion - movement from one location to another in its environment; present in animals, animal-like protists and some bacteria, but not plants nor fungi.
So, the difference between them is that movement changes the shape of an organism, while locomotion changes the location of the organism.
What is cell differentiation?
the process where a cell become specializes in to perform a specific function. As for more context, an example of cell differentiation would be when bone marrow is turned into blood (as mentioned in class)
What are the major functions, organs and tissues included in the circulatory system?
Major function - transports nutrients, dissolved gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide), and wastes back and forth from individual cells in the organism
Major organs - heart & blood vessels
Major tissue - epithelial, muscle, nerve, & connective tissue
What are the major function(s), organs and tissues included in the respiratory system?
Major function - exchanges oxygen & carbon dioxide between blood and the external environment
Major organs - lungs, windpipe, & blood vessels
Major tissues - epithelial, muscle, nerve & connective tissue
What are the major function(s), organs and tissues of the digestive system?
Major function - breaks food down into small particles (nutrients)
Major organs - mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestine, & anus
Major tissues - epithelial, muscle, nerve, & connective tissue
What are the main function(s), organs and tissues involved in the musculoskeletal system?
Major functions - provides structural support to the body (bones keep us up right), gives protection to internal structures (organs and stuff) from the outside environment, and plays a big role in movement & locomotion.
Major organs - bones & muscles
Major tissues - epithelial, muscle, nerve, and connective tissue
What are major function(s), organs and tissues included in the nervous system?
Major functions - responds to changes in the external & internal environment of the body, and coordinates the function of all other organ systems
Major organs - brain, spinal cord, sensory organs (aka your body parts that provide your senses; eyes, ears, nose, etc.)
Major tissues - epithelial, nerve, & connective
What 4 terms define the process of organogenesis (where cells turn into organs n stuff) i just gave u 2
Cells → tissues → organs → organ systems
Explain how your skin can be described as an organ.
Skin can be described as an organ because it is made up of 2 or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function. Skin is made up of epithelial, connective and nerve tissues to protect our body.
Blood is a liquid. Why do scientists refer to blood as a tissue?
Tissues are made up of differentiated cells that specialize to perform specific functions. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma; all working together to bring oxygen throughout the body and to fight infections.
How is an earthworm similar/different than human systems (eating, moving, breathing)?
Both humans and earthworms have similar digestive systems. We both have mouths, anuses, intestines, and stomachs/gizzards which are extremely similar.
Both humans and earthworms move differently. As for locomotion, humans have legs and feet for transportation, while earthworms just slide. Both means of transportation/locomotion are obviously very different.
Earthworms do gas exchange/breathe through their moist skin. Humans have respiratory systems and breathe through their lungs and noses. Both ways of gas exchange are different.
Explain gas exchange in plants, and what stomates are.
Plants have special tissues containing stomates, which is used for breathing. Stomates, which are very small pores/holes embedded in the plant control the movement of gases and water vapour into and out of the plant.
How can unicellular/micro organisms important, and how could they be harmful?
Micro-organisms are important as they recycle/reuse nutrients, produce food, and help us stay healthy. For example, yeast, a unicellular organism, can produce bread for us.
Micro-organisms can be harmful as it can spread bacteria, ultimately causing bacterial diseases/infections. An example could be strep throat, a health problem caused by bacteria.
What are dysfunctional cells, and how can they be harmful?
Dysfunctional cells are cells that don’t work properly. They can be harmful as it can cause type 1 diabetes and/or cancer.
How does type 1 diabetes form?
Type 1 diabetes is caused by dysfunctional cells in the pancreas. The cells do not make any/enough insulin (an important chemical that helps other cells absorb blood sugar)
How does cancer form?
Cancer is caused by dysfunctional cells. When these cells group together, they can form masses, aka tumours. Certain types of tumours can cause healthy cells to die.