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Explain the term homozygous
Having two identical alleles on homologous chromosomes could be dominant or recessive.
Explain the term heterozygous
Having two different alleles on homologous chromosomes.
Explain the term genotype
Genetic information carried by an individual.
Explain the term phenotype
Observable characteristics of the individual - the way the genotype is expressed.
Explain the term autosomal
Autosomal inheritance is the transmission of traits carried on autosomes.
Explain the term sex-linked
Sex-linked inheritance is the transmission of traits carried on the sex chromosomes (X chromosome).
Explain the term dominant
The allele that masks the recessive allele when both a dominant and recessive allele are present.
Explain the term recessive
The allele that is masked or hidden by the dominant allele in the heterozygous condition.
Explain the term gene
A section of DNA/chromosome that carries genetic code for a particular characteristic or trait.
Explain the term allele
Different forms of the same gene.
Explain the term progeny
a descendant of a person
Recessive
Unaffected parents have unaffected child – ‘skips a generation’
Recessive Autosomal
Affects males and females equally
Recessive x-linked
More common in males, Affected daughters must have affected father, Affected mothers will pass on to all sons.
Dominant
Every affected individual has an affected parent – does not ‘skip a generation’.
Dominant autosomal
Affects males and females equally, Fathers can pass onto sons
Dominant x-linked
More common in females, Affected fathers cannot pass onto sons but will have affected daughter.
