Year 10 Biology

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28 Terms

1
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What is the basic unit of life found in all living organisms?

Cells are the building blocks for life.

2
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What organelle controls what enters and exits the cell?

Cell Membrane acts as a barrier or gatekeeper.

3
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What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?

Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy production.

4
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Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

Chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, found only in plant cells.

5
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What are vacuoles responsible for in a cell?

Vacuoles store waste.

6
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What structure contains DNA within a cell?

The Nucleus contains DNA.

7
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What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?

Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n), while haploid cells have one set of chromosomes (n).

8
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What are homologous chromosomes?

Pairs of chromosomes that are identical in size, shape, and genes.

9
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What is the process of Mitosis?

Mitosis is the division of a parent cell, resulting in two daughter nuclei with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent nucleus. the sequence it goes in is, replication, Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase and Cytokinesis

10
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What is the significance of interphase in cell division?

Interphase is where DNA replication occurs before mitosis or meiosis.

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What is a genome?

The full set of chromosomes in a cell; in humans, it shows 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.

12
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How do mutations affect DNA?

Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence that can disrupt genes, and they can be influenced by environmental factors.

13
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What is natural selection?

Natural selection is the process whereby environmental factors lead to survival of certain individuals due to different factors causing them to procreate making them the more dominant type in species.

14
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What is the importance of the fossil record in evolution?

The fossil record shows intermediate species in evolutionary lineages and illustrates how complex species developed from simpler ones over time.

15
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What organelle is involved in protein synthesis?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

16
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What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?

The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

17
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What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

18
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What are alleles?

Alleles are different versions of a gene that can result in different traits.

19
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What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

20
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What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell and facilitates cell movement and division

21
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What are the phases of meiosis?

Meiosis consists of two rounds of division: Meiosis I (prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I) and Meiosis II (prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II), resulting in four haploid cells.

22
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What is the outcome of meiosis?

Meiosis produces four genetically unique gametes from one diploid cell.

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How does mitosis differ from meiosis?

Mitosis results in two identical diploid daughter cells that are the same as the parent cells DNA. It is located all around the body. While meiosis results in four non-identical haploid gametes that are produced in the ovaries or testes and contain half the amount of chromosomes that a cell from mitosis would have.

24
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What are some types of mutations?

Viruses, radiation, chemicals etc.

25
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How can mutations be beneficial?

Beneficial mutations can lead advantages, such as increased resistance to disease or improved survival.

26
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What is a chromosomal mutation?

A chromosomal mutation involves changes in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can lead to disorders or genetic diversity.

27
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What is the role of genes in DNA?

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for building proteins, which determine an organism's traits.

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What is crossing over and when does it occur?

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.