An Introduction to Exercise and Sport Physiology

Flashcards on Exercise and Sport Physiology

Physiology

The study of the function of organisms.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

Exercise physiology

The study of how body structure and function are altered by exposure to acute and chronic bouts of exercise.

Environmental physiology

The study of the effects of the environment on the function of the body.

Sport physiology

The application of the concepts of exercise physiology to training athletes and enhancing sport performance.

Acute exercise

A single bout of exercise.

Chronic adaptation

A physiological change that occurs when the body is exposed to repeated exercise bouts over weeks or months; these changes generally improve the body’s efficiency at rest and during exercise.

John S. Haldane

Developed methods of measuring oxygen use during exercise and known for his work in human physiology and respiration.

Douglas bag

Collecting expired air in a sealed bag.

Ergometers

Used to measure physical work in standardized conditions.

Longitudinal research

Tests the same subjects and compares results over time.

Cross-sectional research

Collects data from a diverse population and compares groups in that population.

x-axis

independent variable or factor that is controlled

y-axis

dependent variable that will change

per-olof astrand

studies of physical fitness and endurance capacity

jonas bergstrom

reintroduced the biopsy needle in 1966 to study human muscle biochemistry

peter karpovich

introduced physiology to physical activity

thomas k. cureton

established rationale to use exercise to promote a healthy lifestyle

elsworth buskirk

established laboratory for human performance research in 1974 (encompasses health and performance)

john holloszy and charles tipton

biochemical approach to exercise and physiology research and the 1st to use rats and mice to study metabolism and fatigue

phil gollnick

studied individual muscle fiber characteristics and their responses to training in rats and humans

barbara drinkwater

among the first to address issues specifically related to female athletes
- american college of sports medicine
- hydration w/female athletes

2 types of ergometers

1. standard

2. clinical/research grade

   • can be calibrated