bone tissue

bone tissue, hematopoietic tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage tissue, lymphatic tissue

what are the types of specialized connective tissue?

connective

bone is a type of ____ tissue

matrix and cells and connective tissue

similar to cartilage, bone tissue is surrounded by _____

matrix is calcified, so it is harder and less flexible, and blocks diffusion, so it is very vascular

how is bone tissue different than cartilage tissue?

yes, very

is bone tissue vascular?

no

does diffusion of nutrients occur in bone tissue?

protection of vital organs, support of soft tissues, locomotion- attachment site of muscles and tendons, houses bone marrow, involved in the metabolism of calcium

functions of bone tissue:

it is where muscles and tendons attach

why is bone tissue responsible for locomotion?

calcium

bone tissue is involved in the metabolism of ____

1. reticulated spongy/cancellous bone
2. compact bone

what are the two types of bone tissue at a macroscopical level?

reticulated spongy/cancellous bone

what type of bone tissue houses the bone marrow?

reticulated spongy/cancellous

the epiphysis of long bones is made of ______ bone tissue

reticulated spongy/cancellous

what type of bone tissue makes up short and flat bones?

coating reticulated spongy/cancellous bone, surrounding central canal

where is compact bone found?

reticulated spongy/cancellous

what type of bone is this?

compact

_____ bone surrounds the central canal with bone marrow

2

which is compact bone?

1

which is reticulated spongy/cancellous bone?

wearing

what technique is sued to study the inorganic matrix of bone tissue?

removes the matrix, the cells and matrix can be studied

what does de-calcification do? what can you study with this method?

H-E, Schmorl staining

what two stains are most common to see bone tissue?

not very different

how do compact and reticulated spongy/cancellous bone differ microscopically?

canaliculi and lamellae in compact bone sections

what does a Schmorl staining stain?

calcium phosphate, organized around collaged fibers
small amount of magnesium, sodium, potassium, citrate and carbonates

what is the inorganic bone matrix composed of?

an inorganic matrix without calcium phosphate

what is an osteoide?

75%

how much of the matrix is inorganic?

collagen I
proteoglycans
ECM proteins (osteocalcin, osteopontin, osteonectin,..)
cytokine and growth factors

what composes the organic bone matrix?

inorganic

if the matrix contains calcium phosphate, it is.....

osteogenic cells
osteoblasts
osteocytes
osteoclasts

what four types of cells would you find in bone tissue?

no

do osteocytes and osteoblasts divide?

mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into bone cells

what are osteogenic cells?

fusiform

what shape are osteogenic cells?

in the deeper layer of the periosteum and endosteum covered by the Havers conducts

where are osteogenic cells located?

cubic rounded, excentric nucleus, small cytoplasmic extensions connected by gap junctions

describe the appearance of osteoblasts

in areas of matrix synthesis

where would you find osteoblasts?

to synthesize the bone matrix

what is the function of osteoblasts?

osteoblasts

what type of bone cell?

osteoblasts

which bone cell has the role of synthesizing the bone matrix?

osteocyte

a osteoblast that is surrounded by bone matrix is now called a _______

basophilic, purple

the cytoplasm of an osteocyte is ______, so it is dyed ______ with the H-E stain

osteocyte

which bone cell has long cytoplasmic extensions that goes into the calciferous conducts?

maintains the bone matrix, stores calcium

what does an osteocyte do?

osteocytes

what are these bone cells?

monocytes

osteoclasts originate from______

osteoclasts

which bone cell is big and multinucleated?

bone reabsorption

what is the function of osteoclasts?

Howship lacunas or resorption bay, areas of bone remodeling

where would you find osteoclasts?

osteoclasts, they are multinucleated

what type of bone cell?

dense, irregular CT

what type of CT makes up the periosteum?

yes, very

is the periosteum vascularized?

the external layer

what part of the periosteum is fibrous?

osteogenic cells

the internal layer of the periosteum is made of_____

the whole bone except articular surfaces

the periosteum covers _____

loose

the endosteum is made of ____ CT

osteogenic cells and osteoblasts

what type of bone cells make up the endosteum?

endosteum

which lining covers the medulla canal. spongy cavities, and the Havers and Volkmann conducts?

both periosteum and endosteum

which lining functions to repair bone fractures?

periosteum

what is at 1?

4

where is the endosteum?

bone marrow

what is 2?

compact bone

3 is ____

fetus

primary/immature bone tissue is found in the ____

irregular collagen fibers, less minerals, more osteoblasts and osteocytes

describe primary/immature bone tissue

adults

where is secondary bone tissue found?

organized collagen, laminated system (lamellae), compact or spongy, network of nutritional conducts, lacunas and canaliculi

describe the characteristics of secondary bone tissue

secondary

which, primary or secondary bone tissue, has organized collagen fibers?

primary

which, primary or secondary bone tissue, has more osteocytes and osteoblasts?

Haversian canal

which canals run parallel to the bone axis?

perpendicular, Haversian conducts

Volkmann canals run ____ to the bone axis and bind ____

diffusion

how do spongy bones get nutrition?

lacunae

what structure is at 2?

compact

3 represents ___ bone

spongy

4 represents _____ bone

5

where is the Haversian canal?

lamellae

what is the structure at 1?

Volkmann's canal

what is at 6?

periosteum

what lining is at 7?

8

where is the osteon?

canaliculi

9 is ___

circumferential

secondary bone tissue has a ______ laminated system

cavities with osteocytes

what are lacunae?

canals to communicate with lacunaes

canaliculi or lamellar boundaries are ____

canaliculi

this is an osteocyte. what is at 2?

lacunae

this is an osteocyte. what is at 1?

the process of bone formation

what is ossification?

non-organized laminated tissue

primary ossification results in _____

an organized laminated system

secondary ossification results in _____

reabsorption remodeling

what process occurs between primary and secondary ossification?

1. direct/intramembranous
2. indirect/endochondral

what are the two types of bone ossification?

direct

what type of ossification occurs in flat bones?

indirect

what type of ossification occurs in long bones?

-calcification of matrix
-radial growth
-osteocyte maturation into lacunas
-neoformation of vessels, migration of mesenchymal stem cells undifferentiated into the bone marrow
-remodeling resorption balance by osteoclast

describe direct ossification

-forms hyaline cartilage first in the diaphysis
-growth in length
-osteoblasts form bone
-the epiphyseal growth plate is the limit between primary and secondary ossification
-the calcified cartilage matrix is replaced by the synthesized bone
-formation of medullary canal

describe indirect ossification

indirect

direct or indirect ossification?

direct

direct or indirect ossification?