7. Aggregates--Community

aggregates

groups that a common characteristic

aggregates or target populations can be defined based on?

special interests of geographic locations

children living in families who have low-income are at risk of what?

low food security, homelessness, and difficulty learning and developing cognitively

access to care is another concern for children

the Affordable Care Act, and programs like Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Plan promote access to care for children

health concerns and leading causes of death in children

Perinatal conditions and congenital anomalies

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

MVA and other unintentional injuries

health concerns and leading causes of death in adolescents

MVA and other unintentional injuries

Homicide

suicide

Screening/preventive services in children

Height and weight

Vision and hearing

Dental health

At birth: hemoglobinopathy, phenylalanine level, T4, TSH

Immunization status

Lead exposure

Cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Screening/preventive services in adolescents

Vision and hearing

Dental health

Rubella serology and immunization history

Substance abuse disorder, including tobacco

Immunization status

Mental health screenings

Cholesterol and triglyceride levels

children health goals: reductions in

Dental carries

Obesity

Infant mortality

Exposure to secondhand smoke

children health goals: increases in

Newborn blood spot screenings and follow-up testing

Access to medical home

Schools that require health education

Childhood immunizations

Use of child safety restraints

Physical activity

Number of infants who are breastfed

adolescent health goals: reductions in

Violent crimes

Alcohol, marijuana, illcit drugs

Death related to MVA

adolescent health goals: increases in

Schools with a breakfast program

Participation in extracurricular activities

Wellness checkups

physical activity

children: education

anticipatory guidelines

breastfeeding

sleeping positions

nutrition

physical activity

substance use disorders

dental hygiene and health

skin protection

injury prevention: car, fire, water safety; helmet use; poison control; CPR training

adolescent education

anticipatory guidelines

substance use disorders

sexual behavior

nutrition: especially calcium intake for females

physical activity

skin protection

injury prevention including car, fire, and firearm safety

health concerns and leading causes of death in adults

heart disease

diabetes mellitus

mental health disorders

STIs

colorectal cancer

health concerns and leading causes of death in females

childbearing

menopause

preconception counseling

malignant neoplasm

health concerns and leading causes of death in males

unintentional injuries

erectile dysfunction

malignant neoplasm

screening preventive services for adults

height and weight

dental health

blood pressure

cholesterol (45-65 years)

fecal occult blood test/sigmoidoscopy (50 years and older)

immunization status

diabetes

HIV

skin cancer

females preventive test

pap test

mammogram/clinical breast exam

rubella serology and vaccination history (childbearing years)

males preventive tests

digital rectal examination

prostate-specific antigen testing

health goals for adults: reductions in

diseases involving bone, such as osteoporosis

death from cancer

sexual violence

incidence of HIV and AIDS

fatal and nonfatal injuries

unplanned pregnancies

excessive alcohol use and tobacco use

health goals for adults: increases in

use of both barrier and hormonal contraception

pregnant clients who receive early and adequate prenatal care

ability to identify warning indicators of a heart attack and stroke

abstinence from alcohol, nicotine, other substances among pregnant clients

adults: education

nutrition

STI prevention

substance use disorder

HIV prevention

injury prevention including care, fire safety, violence

breast and testicular self-examination

health goals for older adults: reductions in

the proportion of older adults who have moderate to severe functional limitations

hospitalizations due to heart failure

inappropriate medication use by older adults who have a disability

emergency department visits due to falls

health goals for older adults: increases in

use of clinical preventive services

use of the "Welcome to Medicare" benefit

info to the public regarding elder abuse, neglect, exploitation

physical activity among those who have reduced physical or cognitive function

access to diabetes self-management benefits

health care professionals who have geriatric certifications

education: older adults

community resources and programs

healthy meals and snacks, nutritional supplements

exercise

dental health

injury prevention

car and fire safety

fall prevention

abuse and mistreatment

medication safety

older adults

Fastest growing aggregate in United States

Increased number older adults living alone

One third of medications

Older Americans Act

Healthy People 2030 goal

National health goals

Community education

families

Individuals who identify themselves as family members

Interdependent relationship

Emotional/ financial/physical support

Approaches

Component of society/system/client/context

National health goals

Education/anticipatory guidance

contemporary family issues

Changes in family structure

single-parent families

Blended families

Cohabitating couples and families

Gay and lesbian families

Homeless families

focused-family interview

Manners

Therapeutic conversation

Family strengths

15 minutes

Responsibility to families

15 minutes key elements

Show interest throughout.

Keep body language relaxed.

Face the family member when asking a question.

Try to minimize writing while listening.

Acknowledge the family's strengths.

Share any genograms and ecomaps that illustrate relationships with family members.

Ask family members for their interpretations/impressions (shared between the family and clinician).

Avoid offering advice prematurely.

Allow everyone present to voice observations, insights, or concerns before offering how they could change the

situation.

Ask the family if they see an area that could be changed.

Plan goals and outcomes with the family.

Forge a partnership with the family's full participation.

Collaborate with the family to set priorities, plan care, and evaluate goals.

characteristics of health families

Communicate/ listen to each other

Support for all members

Respect for others

Trust

Share humor

Share responsibility

Traditions/rituals

biological health risk assessment

use of genograms

genograms

provides a diagram of the family constellation, and can provide substantial information about family structure in a clear and simple format.

what should the genogram include?

the information that is most important in assessing the particular family unit. Typically it will include at least two generations, highlighting family members' age, gender, relationship, birth order, marital status, and mortality

what can a genogram expand to?

it can be expanded to include other areas, such as health status, education, and occupation

how can uses genograms?

to help families identify common traits as well as unique attributes of various members

ecomaps

outline the influence that other systems or groups have on families

what do ecomaps illustrate?

family relationships and show vital connections, which can include religious, work, educational, cultural, healthcare and social organizations and groups

ecomaps use solid or hatched lines for what?

plot the strength of connections

how are ecomaps helpful for nurses?

helpful to identify social supports and to show families whether resources are available to assist them

family as a component of society

- monitor how families interact with other institutions in a community (schools, medical facilities, congregations)

- used to study and implement population-focused interventions (such as immunization campaigns for a disadvantaged population)

family as a system

- studies how interactions among family members affect the whole family function

- used to promote family health by directing interventions toward the way family members interact with each other

family as a client

- examines the family unit functioning first, then individual needs next

- used to see how the family health is impacted by each individual's reaction to a health event

family as context

- focuses on an individual first, and the family next

- used to promote the health and recovery of an individual, using the family as a resource for service and support

behavioral risk of families

info gained about family's health behavior, including health values, health habits, and health risk perceptions

health goals for families: reductions in

barriers to access

allergens within the home

families that are unable to have a child or maintain a pregnancy

passive smoke exposure

household hunger

intimate partner violence

health goals for families: increases in

positive parenting

health education provided by an agency

home testing for radon

health insurance coverage

individuals who have a usual primary care provider