Social Science 1st Quarter Long Test 1

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20 Terms

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Social Sciences

The study of human society and relationships among individuals.

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Natural Science

Focuses on nature and the physical world, using empirical evidence.

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Importance of Social Science

Helps understand human life, cultural evolution, and encourages active citizenship.

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Society

A group of interacting individuals sharing territory and culture.

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Culture

Shared practices, values, beliefs, norms, and artifacts of a group.

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Major Social Science Disciplines

Anthropology, Archaeology, Economics, Geography, History, Law, Linguistics, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology.

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Symbolic Interactionism

A sociological perspective that focuses on symbols as the basis of social life.

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Gene-Culture Coevolution

The idea that culture is influenced by biological mechanisms and evolves over generations.

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Rational Decision-Making

The process of making choices based on reason and logic, balancing desires and societal expectations.

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Enculturation

The process of acquiring cultural practices and values.

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Socialization

Learning to live within one's culture, enhancing thinking, love, and communication.

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Conformity

Acting in a socially acceptable manner, often influenced by group pressure.

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Deviance

Behavior that violates established social norms.

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Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

A theory outlining the progression of moral reasoning through three levels.

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Looking-Glass Self

Cooley's theory that self-concept is shaped by how we think others perceive us.

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Dramaturgical Theory

Goffman's perspective that social interactions are like performances in a theater.

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Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

A theory describing eight stages of human development, each characterized by a specific conflict.

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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A motivational theory proposing that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from physiological to self-actualization.

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Social Institutions

Enduring organizations that influence behavior, such as family, school, and government.

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Social Systems

Networks of groups, organizations, and institutions that interact within a society.