Myths and Beliefs in Roman Religion

Roman state religion

Linked to state rituals and everyday life.

Polytheism

Belief in multiple gods with specific responsibilities.

Anthropomorphic gods

Gods with human traits and qualities.

Pax deorum

Peace of the gods sought by Romans.

Ira deorum

Anger of the gods to be avoided.

Elysian fields

Afterlife for heroic souls in Roman belief.

Capitoline Triad

Most important gods: Jupiter, Juno, Minerva.

Olympian gods

Twelve gods believed to live on Mount Olympus.

Jupiter

Father of gods, sky and weather god.

Neptune

God of the sea, associated with Poseidon.

Vulcan

God of fire and metal-working, linked to Hephaestus.

Mars

God of war and agriculture, father of Romulus.

Apollo

God of art, education, and prophecy.

Mercury

Messenger god, associated with trade and travel.

Pluto

Ruler of the underworld, god of the dead.

Sacrifice

Offering valuable items to gods for favor.

Vulcanalia

Festival honoring Vulcan held in late August.

Campus Martius

Field of Mars, training ground for soldiers.

Ludi Apollinares

Annual festival for Apollo lasting nine days.

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

Largest temple in Rome dedicated to Jupiter.

Pantheon

Temple dedicated to all gods, circular design.

Sacrificial offerings

Items given to gods during rituals.

Rites of passage

Ceremonies marking significant life events.

Underworld

Realm where souls go after death.

Roman tolerance

Acceptance of other cultures and their gods.

Intermarriage of gods

Olympian gods often married within their family.