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Stopping Distances
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16 Terms
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1
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Stopping distance
The sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance
2
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Thinking distance
The distance a vehicle travels during the driver's reaction time
3
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Braking distance
The distance a vehicle travels under the braking force
4
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Reaction time
The time it takes for a person to respond to a specific stimulus
5
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Typical reaction time
Typical values range from 0.2 s to 0.9 s
6
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Factors affecting reaction time
Tiredness, drugs, alcohol, distractions
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Effect of increased reaction time on thinking distance
Longer reaction times increase the thinking distance required
8
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Effect of increased reaction time on braking distance
Longer reaction times have no effect on the thinking distance required
9
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Factors affecting braking distance
Adverse road and weather conditions (wet or icy) and poor vehicle conditions (worn brakes or tyres)
10
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How braking reduces speed
Work done is by the friction force between the brakes and the wheel to reduce the kinetic energy (and therefore speed) of the vehicle
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Effect of work being done when braking
The temperature of the brakes increases
12
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Relationship between speed and braking force
The greater the speed of a vehicle the greater the braking force needed to stop the vehicle in a certain distance
13
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Relationship between braking force and deceleration
The greater the braking force the greater the deceleration of the vehicle
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Effect of large decelerations
May lead to brakes overheating and/or loss of control of the vehicle
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Relationship between thinking distance and speed
Thinking distance is proportional to speed because reaction time is taken as a constant
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Relationship between braking distance and speed
Braking distance is proportional to speed squared because it depends on the kinetic energy of the vehicle
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