Finals Quiz 1

A routine fixative produced from the oxidation of methanol

Formalin

Which of the following is a component of 10% neutral buffered formalin?

All of the above

Which of the following is a cytoplasmic fixative for tissue necrosis and for demonstration of rickettsia?

Orth's

Commonly used fixatives for nucleic acids:

Both A and B

Brown precipitates present in blood tissues are called acid formaldehyde hematein.

These can be removed using the Kardasewitsch Method.

Both are true

The internal chamber of the cryostat should be kept at an atmospheric temperature of?

-10 to -20°C

The most common type of Rocking Microtome

Cambridge

Which of the following tissue changes will occur if acetic acid is used alone as a fixative?

Swelling

Birefringent structures such as crystals and cholesterol can be visualized using

Polarizing Microscope

Which of the following fixatives can be treated using iodine?

B5

The most widely used and recommended fixative in routine histopathology

10% neutral buffered formalin

Which of the following fixatives is employed for skin tumor biopsies?

Heidenhain Susa

In making an incision to a cadaver, ___-shaped incision is done to expose the cavity

Y

Frostbite is an example of

Gangrenous necrosis

How many copies of the death certificate should be produced?

4

Which of the following is/are abundant during pregnancy?

B and C

On Pap's Smear, abundant cells that are pear shaped with an eccentric nucleus

Trichomonas

What is the color of the death certificate for stillborn?

Pink

Decalcification is the process of removing calcium salts from calcified tissues such as bone and teeth.

This is performed prior to fixation

1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false

Pap Smear counterstain to demonstrate mature cells of the cervicovaginal smear

OG6

Which of the following can be used as a secondary fixative for EM?

Osmium tetroxide

Fixation for EM is preferably performed at

4°C

Fixatives should be slightly hypertonic.

This is around 400-450 mOsm

Both are true

Glacial acetic acid is a fixative for nuclei.

It can be used as a simple fixative

1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false

For maximum effectiveness, the fixative : tissue ratio should be

20:1

Resinous mounting media such as Canada Balsam are acidic in pH.

Slides using Canada Balsam as mountant send to produce yellowish or oxidized mounted tissue secretions in the long run

Both are true

Black pigments due to use of mercury fixatives can be removed by using which washing out reagent

Alcoholic iodine

Most rapid fixative

Carnoy’s

Which of the following fixatives becomes part of the tissue?

Both A and B

A slow acting clearing agent recommended for tough tissues such as lymph nodes and brain

Chloroform

Which of the following clearing agents is hepatotoxic?

Chloroform

Paraffin wax substitute that contains a mixture of paraffin and plastic polymers

Paraplast

Which of the following tissues require immersion to acids prior to sectioning?

Both A and B

Surface decalcification of tissue blocks can be achieved by using which reagent?

Hydrochloric Acid

The ideal time required for decalcifying tissue is

24-48 hours (1-2 days)

A mercury fixative that rarely produces black precipitates

Heidenhain Susa

Concentrated Formalin

37%

Pencil is used to label frosted slides.

Diamond pencil is used to label non-frosted slides

Both are true

If the specimen code is labelled as C99-0031, the specimen is most likely

Pap’s Smear

In the TNM score of the tumors, N refers to:

Lymph node involvement

Which process should be performed immediately as delays can lead to irreparable tissue damage?

Fixation

Which of the following is not a mercury fixative?

Brasil’s

A purified form of nitrocellulose employed for embedding hard tough tissues that tend to collapse and produces a rubbery tissue block

Celloidin

In an autotechnicon, the first station contains

Formalin

All of the following are employed as fixatives for EM, except

Uranyl acetate

Which of the following fixatives may also function as a fat stain?

Osmium tetroxide

Widely used decalcifying agent

10% nitric acid

Dehydrating agents should be at least ______ times the volume of tissue

10

Also known as rubbing alcohol, it is a fixative useful for smears for staining for Wright's and may also function as an alternative to ethanol for dehydration

Isopropanol

Appropriate tissues/s for IHC

AOTA

Xylene is a routine clearing agent employed for tissues less than 5mm.

Clearing time for xylene is approximately. 1-2 hours

1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false

Which of the are considered as universal solvents?

AOTA

Added to Mayer's egg albumin to prevent growth of molds

Thymol

Tissues for routine fixation should be no more than ___ thick

4

Recommended embedding medium for TEM

Epoxy

Paraffin sections have a thickness of ___ um

4-6

Tissue preparation method for bronchial aspirates

Pull apart

Routine fixative of choice for tissue photography

Helly’s

Picric acid fixatives are contraindicated for glycogen.

It is explosive when dry.

1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true

Coagulative necrosis is a morphologic pattern of cell death due to ischemia.

Brain infarct is an example of this type of pattern.

1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false

Usual optimum temperature for decalcification

RT

Fixative/s for cytology, except

NOTA

Microtomic suitable for FAT stains

Cold Microtome

Wet celloidin method is intended for impregnating the following tissues, except

Whole eye section

Infiltrating media requiring dehydration and clearing

Ester wax

Ester wax impregnated tissues are sectional using which microtome?

Sliding

Most reliable method to determine the extent of decalcification.

X-ray

Which of the following is incorrect regarding fixation?

Formalin preserves cellular structure by removal of water

Which of the following fixatives is highly suitable for cell detail in tissue photography and hematopoietic tissues?

Zenker’s

The EM section thickness ranges approximately from

50-120 nm

Which is true of an autopsied cadaver?

None of the above

Adipocytes are best demonstrated in

Frozen section

Which of the following is not used as a decalcifying agent?

Acid alcohol

A sheen of oxidized dye on the surface of hematoxylin solution indicates:

Stain has to be filtered

Retention time for Tissue blocks

For 10 years

A MT is processing a cytology specimen and he notices abundant dust laden macrophages, this is most likely:

Sputum

If your objective is to study/observe spirochetes, which stain can be employed?

Levaditi’s

Alcohol is not recommended as a tissue fixative because:

Volatile and evaporates fast

Monoclonal antibodies employed for IHC belong to which Ig class?

IgG

How will you remedy overstained sections with eosin?

Dip sections in ammonia water

Which stain is best for Reticular CT?

Gomori

Which is the most common medium in preparing permanent slides?

Canada Balsam

Shell horse leather is employed for

Stropping

In order to prevent the block from cracking, what should be done

Block must be hardened

How will you remedy the presence of holes in tissue sections?

Re-embed the whole tissue in fresh wax

A reason why sections fail to form ribbons

Dull to blunt knife

The MT noticed a burr on his newly honed knife, what is the next step to be done?

Get the horse leather and start stropping

Minimum fixation time for Pap’s

15 mins

When is the best time to collect samples for toxicology and microbiologic examination from autopsy

As soon as after death

The tissue mordant dye complex is needed in

Indirect staining

Which specimen is most likely to require decalcification before embedding and cutting

Aorta with atherosclerosis

Which of the following is a stain for carbohydrates such as glycogen

PAS

All of the following are cytoplasmic fixatives except

Carnoy’s

Blood containing tissues such as spleen subjected to aldehydes may form abundant pigment

Brown

Which fixative is employed for hematopoietic tissues?

Mercury

Phloroglucin Nitric acid used as a decalcifying fluid used at

12-24 hours

Asa general rule, the volume of the infiltrating medium should be at least how many times that of the tissue volume?

25x 

Water soluble waxes except

Gelatin

Cells devoid of tigroid substance suggests

Nerve cell degeneration

A lysochrome more likely to stain neutral fats giving it an intense red stain

Sudan IV