Motivation and emotion 10

study plan 10

Extrinsic motivation

 motivation that arises from external factors or rewards

Intrinsic motivation

motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards

Motivation

 wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal

Drive theory

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis

Habit

 pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage

Instinct

species-specific pattern of behavior that is unlearned

Self-efficacy

individual’s belief in his own capabilities or capacities to complete a task

Yerkes-Dodson law

simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower

Hierarchy of needs

spectrum of needs ranging from basic biological needs to social needs to self-actualization

Leptin

satiety hormone

Metabolic rate

amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time

Set point theory

assertion that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, that is resistant to change

Excitement

phase of the sexual response cycle that involves sexual arousal

Orgasm

peak phase of the sexual response cycle associated with rhythmic muscle contractions (and ejaculation)

Plateau

phase of the sexual response cycle that falls between excitement and orgasm

Refectory period

time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm

Resolution

phase of the sexual response cycle following orgasm during which the body returns to its unaroused state

Cannon-Bard theory

physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently

The Schacter Singer two factor theory

emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive. In other words, physiological arousal is interpreted in context to produce the emotional experience.

Cognitive-mediational theory

 our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus

Components of emotion

physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experience

Emotion

subjective state of being often described as feelings

Facial feedback hypothesis

 facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions

James Lange theory

 emotions arise from physiological arousal

Basolateral complex

part of the brain with dense connections with a variety of sensory areas of the brain; it is critical for classical conditioning and attaching emotional value to memory

Central nucleus

part of the brain involved in attention and has connections with the hypothalamus and various brainstem areas to regulate the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems’ activity

Cultural display rule

one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of emotions that are acceptable

According to a study by Raineki, Cortés, Belnoue, and Sullivan (2012), rat pups who experience abuse early in their lives were likely to show depressive behaviors and

increased activation in the amygdala

Lesions to the medial preoptic area of the ________ in rats disrupt a male rat’s ability to engage in sexual behavior

hypothalamus