IMED1001 - Muscle Anatomy II (Week 5)

Convention

m. = muscle

mm. = muscles

Standard Planes

DIAGRAM ON SLIDE 5

Movement requires

Agonist, Synergist, Antagonist

Agonist

- muscle that provides major force for specific movement. e.g quadriceps femoris extend the leg at the knee joint

Antagonist

- muscle that oppose of reverse a particular movement

- e.g biceps femoris flex the leg at the knee joint

Synergists

muscle that produce power to aid the agonist or modify the direction of the movement

Fixator

muscle that stabilise a movement by holding bones in place

Muslces pull, never ____

push

Muscle shortening during concentric contraction pulls

the movable attachment towards the relatively fixed/immovable attachment

brachi/ii

'of the arm'

carpi

in relation to the bones in the wrist

pollicis

'of the thumb'

'supra-'

'above' or 'over'

surae

'of the calf'

teres

'rounded' (think rotation)

hamm

'hollow or bend of the knee' (Old English)

ALL GROUPS U NEED TO KNOW (33 GROUPS)

ALL SLIDES FROM NOW ON GO FROM HEAD DOWN TO TOES

IF TWO GROUPS HAVE OPPOSITE MOVEMENTS at the same joint (E.g FLEXION AND EXTENSION, THEY ARE A PAIR OF AGONIST AND ANTAGONISTS)

Most muscle group functions can be correlated to their

name. e.g bicep brachii means bicep (two) muscles attached to arms

Lateral pterygoid mm.

- Movement of the Jaw

- Protrusion (movement in sagittal plane)

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 11

• pterygoid means shaped like a wing

• lateral means from the side

Temporalis mm.

- movement of jaw

- horizontal fibres for retraction (opposite to previous)

- movement in a sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 12

trapezius m.

- movement at shoulder joint

- superior fibres = elevation

- inferior fibres = depression

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 13

rectus abdominis m.

- movement of spine

- spinal flexion

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 14

• rectus: each of a pair of long flat muscles at the front of the abdomen

• abdominis: of the abdomen

erector spinae group

- movement of spine

- 9 muscles

- spinal extension

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 15

supraspinatus m. and deltoid m. (middle fibres) abduction

- glenohumeral joint (shoulder joint)

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 16

• supra means above or over

• spinatus means spine of the scapula

• abduction

Latissimus dorsi Adduction

- movement at the shoulder joint

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 17

• adduction

Deltoid - anterior fibres (flexion)

- movement at shoulder joint

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 18

• flexion

deltoid (posterior fibres) and latissimus dorsi extension and hyperextension

- movement at shoulder joint

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 19

• extension and hyperextension

Triceps brachii m (extension)

- movement at elbow joint

- movement in sagittal plane

- tricep means three attachments, brachii means attached to arm

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 20

• extension

brachialis m. and biceps brachii (flexion)

- movement at elbow joint

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 21

• flexion

Radioulnar Joints of the forearm (pronation and supination)

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 22

Pronator teres m. (Pronation)

- movement at the radioulnar joints (forearm complex)

- muscles cross the elbow joint however bones are moving at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

- pronator means it does pronation, teres means rotation

- pronation of the forearm (move into prone position)

- movement is in a transverse (axial) plane

- radius ends up where its proximal end is lateral and distal end is in medial position (relative to ulna)

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 23

MAKE GOOGLE SLIDES STUFF WITH ALL ANIMATIONS OF MOVEMENTS

yES

Supinator m. (supination)

- antagonist to pronator

- supination of forearm (move to supine position)

- movement is in an axial plane

- uncrosses radius and ulna

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 24

Extensor carpi radialis mm. and extensor carpi ulnaris (Extension)

- movement at wrist joint

- movement in a sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 25

• extension

Flexor carpi radialis m. and flexor carpi ulnaris m. (flexion)

- movement at wrist joint

- antagonist to extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris

- Movement in a sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 26

flexor digitorium superficialis m. (flexion)

- movement of the upper digits

- superficial muscle that allows movement (flexion) of digits

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 27

extensor digitorium m. (extension)

- movement of upper digits

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 28

thenar eminence

- movement involving the thumb

- only need to know palmar adduction and abduction

- extension and flexion

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 29

flexor pollicis longus m. (flexion)

- movement of thumb

- movement in coronal plane (not in saggital like expected)

- flexor means flexion, pollicis means thumb, longus means long

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 30

extensor pollicis longus m. (extension)

- movement of thumb

- movement in coronal plane (not in saggital like expected)

- extensor means extension, pollicis means thumb, longus means long

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 31

Adductor pollicis m. (adductor)

- movement of thumb

- adductor of pollicis (thumb)

- movement in sagittal plane

- on digit 1, 2 and 3

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 32

Abductor pollicis brevis m. (abduction)

- movement of thumb

- movement in sagittal plane

- pollicis means thumb, brevis means short

- from digit 1 onto carpal bone

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 33

Group: iliopsoas mm. (flexion)

- movement at the hip joint

- movement in the sagittal plane

- psoas and iliacus

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 34

• flexion

Gluteus maximus m. (extension and hyperextension)

- movement at the hip joint

- movement in sagittal plane

- posterior surface

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 35

Gluteus medius m. (abduction)

- movement in coronal plane

- bony prominence attachment point on femur

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 36

Group: Hip adductors

- opposing muscle to gluteus medius m.

- movement in coronal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 37

Group: Hamstrings flexion

- movement at knee joint

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 38

• flexion

Group: quadriceps femoris extension

- movement at knee joint

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 39

Extensor digitorium longus m. (dorsiflexion)

- movement of the foot at talocrucal (ankle) joint (talus means talo, crucal means leg)

- movement in sagittal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 40

• upward movement

Group: triceps surae mm. (plantarflexion)

- opposite movement to previous muscle

- movement in sagittal plane

- surae means calf, triceps means three attachments

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 41

fibularis longus m. eversion

- movement of the foot at subtalar joint (below talus)

- movement in coronal plane

ANIMATION ON SLIDE 42

• eversion

tibialis anterior m. (inversion)

- opposite to previous muscle

- movement of foot at subtalar joint

- movement in coronal plane

- DIAGRAM AND ANIMATION ON SLIDE 43

SUMMARY

DIAGRAM ON SLIDE 44 and 45

WHERE GIFS OF MOVEMENT HAVE BEEN TAKEN FROM

VISIBLE BODY ON LMS (SLIDE 46)