The Essence and Identity of Christianity

These flashcards summarize key concepts, terms, and definitions related to Christianity as covered in the lecture notes.

Christianity

A major religion stemming from the life, teachings, and death of Jesus of Nazareth in the 1st century CE.

Essence

The qualities that give something its identity and distinguish it from everything else.

Monotheism

The belief in one God, which is integral to Christianity and distinguishes it from polytheism.

Redemption

The plan of salvation wherein believers see themselves in need of rescue from their plight and distanced from God.

Apostolic

Relating to the apostles; in Christianity, often refers to the teachings and practices stemming from the apostles.

Orthodox

Conforming to established doctrines, especially in the context of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Gospels

The first four books of the New Testament that detail the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

Ecumenism

The principle or aim of promoting unity among the world's Christian churches.

Diversity in Christianity

Refers to the various denominations, sects, and interpretations of Christianity that coexist.

Councils

Meetings convened to discuss and settle matters of doctrine, practice, and challenges in the Church.

Arianism

A theological belief that denies the full divinity of Jesus Christ, resulting in significant controversy in early Christianity.

Protestantism

A branch of Christianity that originated from the Reformation, emphasizing individual faith and the authority of scripture.

Sacraments

Rituals instituted by Jesus Christ seen as means of grace in many Christian denominations.

Redemption

The action of being saved from sin, error, or evil, which is a central theme in Christianity.

The Eucharist

A sacrament in Christian faith commemorating the Last Supper, where bread and wine are consumed.

Baptism

A Christian sacrament of initiation and purification involving the use of water.

Original Sin

The Christian doctrine of humanity's state of sin inherited from Adam and Eve.

Heresy

Beliefs or opinions that deviate from established Church doctrine.

The Catholic Church

The largest Christian church, led by the Pope, focusing on traditions and sacraments.

Protestant Reformation

A movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches.

Evangelization

The act of preaching the gospel to convert individuals to Christianity.

Christian Apologetics

The defense of Christianity against objections or inaccuracies.

Ecclesiology

The study of churches, especially the theoretical understanding of the nature and role of the church.