US History-

Reconstruction

A period (1865-1877) in which the U.S. aimed to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and ensure rights for freed slaves.

15th Amendment

An amendment that grants African American men the right to vote, prohibiting discrimination based on race.

Freedmen’s Bureau

A federal agency created in 1865 to aid freed slaves in their transition to freedom and citizenship.

Poll tax

A fee required to vote, often used to disenfranchise African Americans and poor whites.

Jim Crow laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation and limited the rights of African Americans.

Laissez-faire economic policy

An economic system where the government minimally intervenes in business affairs.

Robber barons

Industrialists who accumulated wealth and power through exploitative practices in the late 19th century.

Imperialism

The policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization or military force.

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points

A statement of principles for peace proposed by President Wilson to end World War I.

Treaty of Versailles

A peace treaty that ended World War I but was not supported by the U.S. Senate due to concerns over commitments to the League of Nations.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural movement in the 1920s that celebrated African American art, literature, and music.

Progressives

Reformers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries who sought to address social issues and government corruption.

Mass production

The manufacturing of goods in large quantities, which improved efficiency and reduced costs.

Cultural conflicts in the 1920s

Tensions between modern values and traditional beliefs, including gender roles and scientific views versus religious beliefs.

Nativism

A political policy favoring the interests of established inhabitants over those of immigrants.

Warren Harding’s presidency

Marked by scandals such as the Teapot Dome scandal which involved corruption in the leasing of federal oil reserves.

Republican policies during Coolidge administration

Focused on tax reductions, business growth, and limited government intervention.

Economic instability in the 1920s

Resulted from over-speculation in the stock market and inadequate regulation.

Great Depression causes

Includes stock market crash, bank failures, and reduced consumer spending.

President Hoover’s philosophy

Promoted voluntary measures and individualism to combat the effects of the Great Depression.

Citizen response to government during Depression

Ranged from support of local charities to protests against government inaction.

Economic changes in the 1930s

Included high unemployment, poverty, and changes in family dynamics.

Depression cultural reflection

Art and literature often depicted hardship and resilience during the economic downturn.

New Deal legislation and banks

Included measures to regulate banks and restore public confidence in the banking system.

New Deal versus Hoover

New Deal programs involved direct government intervention, while Hoover favored indirect aid.

Wagner Act

A law that protected the rights of workers to organize and collectively bargain.

Social Security Act

A law that provided financial assistance to the elderly and unemployed.

Impact of New Deal on government

Increased federal involvement in the economy and expanded social welfare programs.