Concept 9.1: Most Cell Division Results in Genetically Identical Daughter Cells

Cell division

The process of distributing identical genetic material form a mother cell to 2 daughter cells

What is a genome

All the DNA/genetic information in a cell

What is a chromosome

The packaged form of DNA

Protein’s role in a chromosome

Maintain structure of chromosome and help control activity of genes

What is chromatin

The complex of FNA and protein that is the building material of chromosomes (loose and squiggly)

Chromosomes in somatic cells

Body cells have 46 chromosomes each

Chromosomes in gametes

23 chromosomes (half as many as somatic)

Form of DNA when it is not dividing or when it is replicating

Long, thin chromatin fiber

When do chromatin condense to form chromosomes

After DNA replication they become shorter and thicker and visible with light microscope

Sister chromatids

Each duplicated chromosome has 2 sister chromatids which are joined copies of the original chromosome

Sister chromatids & cohesin proteins

Sister chromatids are joined all along their lengths by protein complexes called cohesins

What is a centromere

Each sister chromatid has a centromere which is a region made of repetitive sequences in the DNA, where chromatids are attached most closely

Arms of chromatid

Part of chromatid to either side of centromere. Each chromatid has 2 arms