AP US History MCQ-3 Flashcards

World War II Home Front

WWII reshaped American society more deeply than the New Deal by changing work roles migration and government power

Rosie the Riveter

symbol of women working industrial defense jobs during WWII

Women in the Workforce WWII

over 5 million women entered civilian jobs and about 200000 served in noncombat military roles like WACs and WAVES

Gender Pay Inequality WWII

women were paid significantly less than men despite doing the same industrial work

Postwar Push for Domesticity

after WWII women were pressured to leave jobs to make room for returning veterans

Double V Campaign

African American slogan calling for victory over fascism abroad and racism at home

Great Migration WWII

over 1.5 million African Americans moved from the South to the North and West for war jobs

Executive Order 8802

FDR order banning discrimination in defense industries and creating the FEPC after pressure from A Philip Randolph

Fair Employment Practices Committee FEPC

government agency created to enforce nondiscrimination in war industries

Smith v Allwright 1944

Supreme Court case that ruled white primaries unconstitutional

America First Committee

major isolationist group opposing US entry into WWII before Pearl Harbor

Charles Lindbergh

leading America First spokesman who warned against US involvement in Europe

Wartime Economy

WWII ended the Great Depression through massive government spending and production

Federal Spending Increase WWII

government spending rose 1000 percent between 1939 and 1945 exceeding 100 billion dollars per year

War Production Board WPB

agency that directed war manufacturing halted civilian goods and allocated raw materials

Office of Price Administration OPA

agency that controlled inflation through price freezes wage controls and rationing

Rationing

limits placed on consumer goods like meat sugar gasoline and tires during WWII

War Bonds

government bonds sold to citizens to help finance WWII

Income Tax Expansion WWII

income taxes were increased and expanded to fund the war

Operation Torch

November 1942 Allied invasion of North Africa led by Eisenhower

Italian Campaign

1943 Allied invasion of Sicily and Italy leading to Mussolini’s fall but continued fighting

D Day Operation Overlord

June 6 1944 Allied invasion of Normandy opening the Western Front

Battle of the Bulge

December 1944 last major German offensive in Europe

V E Day

May 1945 German surrender ending WWII in Europe

Adolf Hitler

fascist dictator of Nazi Germany who started WWII in Europe and carried out the Holocaust

Joseph Stalin

Soviet dictator who joined the Allies after Germany invaded the USSR and was distrusted by FDR and Churchill

Winston Churchill

British prime minister and close ally of FDR

Dwight D Eisenhower

Supreme Allied Commander in Europe and planner of D Day

Douglas MacArthur

Supreme Allied Commander in the Pacific famous for saying I shall return

Due Process

constitutional guarantee of legal rights denied to Japanese Americans during internment

Judicial Review

power of the Supreme Court to declare laws or executive actions unconstitutional

Federalism

division of power between national and state governments

Checks and Balances

system where each branch of government limits the others

Popular Sovereignty

idea that government authority comes from the consent of the people

Democracy

system of government where people rule through elected representatives

Free Market Capitalism

economic system based on supply and demand with limited government control

Executive Order 9066

1942 order authorizing the removal of Japanese Americans from the West Coast

Japanese Internment

forced relocation of over 100000 Japanese Americans most of them US citizens

Nisei

Japanese Americans born in the United States and citizens by birth

Causes of Internment

fear after Pearl Harbor racism nativism and economic greed

Why Internment Was Wrong

violated constitutional rights based solely on race with no evidence of guilt

Korematsu v US 1944

Supreme Court upheld internment as a wartime military necessity

The Holocaust

Nazi genocide that murdered 6 million Jews and other targeted groups

US Response to Holocaust

slow and ineffective due to immigration limits antisemitism and inaction

St Louis Ship

refugee ship turned away from the US carrying Jewish refugees

War Refugee Board

agency created in 1944 to rescue Jews late in the war

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR policy toward Latin America emphasizing cooperation and nonintervention

United Nations

international organization formed in 1945 to prevent future wars

Ketsu Go

Japanese plan for total national resistance against invasion including civilian fighters

Operation Downfall

planned US invasion of Japan predicted to cause massive casualties

Blockade Strategy

US naval blockade that cut off Japanese supplies and caused starvation

Soviet Entry into Pacific War

USSR invaded Japanese Manchuria in August 1945

Manhattan Project

secret US program led by Oppenheimer to develop the atomic bomb

Atomic Bombings

Hiroshima August 6 and Nagasaki August 9 forcing Japanese surrender

Japanese Surrender

caused by atomic bombs and Soviet invasion preventing division of Japan